United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
7 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 110 later decisions — most recently March 2021 · most notably Hunt v. Prior (1996), 85 F. Supp. 2d 282 - Odyssey Re (London) Ltd. v. Stirling Cooke Brown Holdings Ltd. (2000)
7 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Hensley v. Eckerhart · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 110 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the person, compared with others similarly situated, was selectively treated, and (2) the selective treatment was motivated by an intention to discriminate on the basis of impermissible considerations, such as race or religion, to punish or inhibit the exercise of constitutional rights, or by a malicious or bad faith intent to injure the person.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[The Court] should first determine whether the indigent’s position seems likely to be of substance. If the claim meets this threshold requirement, the court should then consider the indigent’s ability to investigate the crucial facts, whether conflicting evidence implicating the need for cross examination will be the major proof presented to the fact finder, the indigent’s ability to present the ease, the complexity of the legal issues and any special reason in that case why appointment of counsel would be more likely to lead to a just determination.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[Reviewing the relevant legal materials, including state and local positive law as well as custom or usage having the force of law, the trial judge must identify those officials ... who speak with final policy-making authority for the governmental actor concerning the action alleged, to have caused the particular constitutional ... violation at issue.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Heisler v. Kralik
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.