United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
28 F.3d 1487 · 1994
Citation profile
64 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 102 later decisions — most recently July 2019 · most notably United States v. Bloomfield (1994), United States v. Butler (1995)
64 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3109 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 848 (§ 408 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Batson v. Kentucky · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 102 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[s]pecific and circumscribed evidence of gang association may be necessary in a trial to show 'the nature and extent of [the defendant's] association, which in turn bears'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“it did not substitute for evidence of actual participation in the drug distribution conspiracy”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the entire theme of the trial [became] guilt[] by association.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.