Smith v. Fruin’s Empirical Analysis
28 F.3d 646 · 1994
Citation profile
45 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 117 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably Bernheim v. Litt (1996), Wright v. Illinois Department of Children & Family Services (1994)
45 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Connick v. Myers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 117 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“even minor forms of retaliation can support a First Amendment claim, for they may have just as much of a chilling effect on speech as more drastic measures”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“personal reasons rather than a desire to air the merits of the issue,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“arrive at a balance between the interests of the [employee], as a citizen, in commenting upon matters of public concern and the State's interest, as an employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public services it performs.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.