United States v. Roach’s Empirical Analysis
28 F.3d 729 · 1994
Citation profile
63 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 79 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably United States v. Gonzales (1996), United States v. Webster (1996)
63 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · United States v. Nixon · United States v. Calandra · Bourjaily v. United States · Missouri v. Continential Insurance Cos.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 79 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“sufficient to convince a reasonable jury beyond a reasonable doubt”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) That the recording device was capable of taking the conversation now offered in evidence. (2) That the operator of the device was competent to operate the device. (3) That the recording is authentic and correct. (4) That changes, additions or deletions have not been made in the recording. (5) That the recording has been preserved in a manner that is shown to the court. (6) That the speakers are identified. (7) That the conversation elicited was made voluntarily and in good faith, without any kind of inducement.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“substance and the circumstances under which it was obtained [provide] sufficient proof of its reliability.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.