28 U.S.C. § 2103
Section 2103 · Repealed. Pub. L. 100352, 5(c), June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 663]
Applied in 70 court decisions — leading case Burger King Corporation v. Rudzewicz (1985)
Most recently applied in Wholesalecars.com v. Leo (May 2017)
Applied most in the Supreme Court Circuit (62 decisions)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 962; Sept. 19, 1962, Pub. L. 87–669, § 1, 76 Stat. 556, provided that appeal from State court or from a United States court of appeals improvidently taken be regarded as petition for writ of certiorari.