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← 28 Wash. App. 721 - State v. Gardner

28 Wash. App. 721 - State v. Gardner’s Empirical Analysis

1981

Citation profile

18
cited by 18 later decisions
4
states following
August 1991
most recently cited

18 state decisions

Relationships

Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Dunaway v. New York · 93 Wash. 2d 638 - State v. Larson · 88 Wash. 2d 1 - State v. Byers · 89 Wash. 2d 256 - State v. McDonald

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

  1. “is inevitably accompanied by future interference with the individual's freedom of movement, whether or not trial or conviction ultimately follows.”
    3 later decisions quote this exact passage
  2. “[p]rompt efforts at identification by a victim or witness and determination of the culpability or innocence of the person detained are appropriate factors in considering the reasonableness of the investigative technique.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage
  3. “is not helpful in the investigative stop context.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.