¶1The plaintiff commenced an action against the defendant before H. D. Menlc, Esq., a justice of the peace of Eond du Lac county; and on the return day of the summons the parties appeared before the justice, and the defendant made and filed the following affidavit:
“ Thomas Bubns vs. Malachy Doyle.
“ Malachy Doyle, being duly sworn, says that from prejudice he believes the justice before whom this cause is pending will not deal impartially in the matter. Malachy Doyle.
*462“ Subscribed and sworn to before me ibis SOtU day of September, 1869. H. D. Menk, Justice of the Peace.”
¶2Justice Menk thereupon transmitted the papers in the case to Wm. Miller, Esq., who was the next nearest justice of the peace qualified by law to try the action. The defendant appeared specially before Justice Miller for the purpose of objecting to the jurisdiction of the latter justice, and moved to dismiss the proceedings for the reason that he had no jurisdiction of the action. The motion was denied, and the defendant made no further appearance therein. Justice Miller proceeded to try the action, and rendered a judgment therein for the plaintiff. The defendant brought a 'common law certiorari to the circuit court for said county, and that court reversed the judgment of the justice, and judgment for costs was duly entered for the defendant. From the latter judgment the plaintiff appeals to tnis court.
¶3The only question for adjudication is, whether there was a sufficient compliance with the statute in the proceedings before Justice Menk, to give Justice Miller jurisdiction of the action. Revised Statutes, ch. 127, sea 47.
¶4It is argued that the affidavit was insufficient to effect a removal of the cause, for the reason that it has no venue. This might be a serious objection to the jurisdiction of Justice Miller, if the statute requires an affidavit. But it does not. It only requires that the defendant shall “ make oath, that- from prejudice or other cause, he believes such justice will not decide impartially in the matter,” as the condition for the removal of the cause to another justice. This is precisely what the defendant did make oath to, and the imperfect affidavit contains the evidence of the fact, when read in connection with the entries in the docket of Justice Menk. Those entries are as follows: “ Defendant appeared to make affidavit to remove cause. Affidavit made by the defendant, and filed. Motion granted. Cause removed to Wm. Miller of Alto;” etc.
¶5But it is said that the statute does not authorize the removal *463of a cause upon an affidavit, and that if it does, the affidavit must be in due form, containing everything essential to its valid-dity, including a venue. This view of the question is founded upon the assumption that the oath and the affidavit are two separate and distinct things, which is not true. The affidavit includes the oath, and may show what facts the affiant swore to, and thus be available as an oath, although it may be entirely unavailable as an affidavit.
¶6Again, it is claimed that it does not appear that the defendant was the party who made the affidavit, and that Justice Miller could not properly take judicial notice from the record before him, that Malachy Doyle who subscribed the same, and the defendant, were one and the same person.
¶7The justice had the certificate of Justice Menk to the effect that the defendant made an affidavit to remove the cause; that such affidavit was filed, and that it was annexed to such certificate and sent to Justice Miller. He found the affidavit thus certified in the record transmitted to him, and the defendant .appeared and moved upon the record to dismiss the proceedings. We think that the justice properly took it for granted that the defendant made the affidavit, at least, until he made a formal denial of the fact. It is worthy of notice, in this connection, that in his petition for a writ of certiorari, the defendant swears that he made the affidavit, and sets out a copy thereof in such petition.
¶8We think the record shows that the defendant made the oath, before Justice Menk, required by the statute to authorize the justice to send the case to the next nearest justice qualified by law to try the same; and that Justice Miller had jurisdiction to hear, try and determine the action.
¶9By the Court. — The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and that of the justice affirmed.
¶10A motion for a rehearing was denied.