280 Pa. Super. 155 - Commonwealth v. Townsend’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
14
cited by 14 later decisions
1
states following
May 1984
most recently cited
14 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Scott · Commonwealth v. Fowler · Commonwealth v. Cox · Commonwealth v. Holland · Commonwealth v. Connolly
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The factors to be considered in determining whether the in-court identification testimony was purged of any primary illegality are: (1) the prior opportunity [of the victim] to observe the criminal act; (2) any discrepancy between any pre-confrontation description and [the accused's] actual appearance; (3) any identification of anyone other than [the accused]; (4) any failure to identify [the accused]; (5) the lapse of time between the criminal act and the confrontation; (6) [the victim's] degree of attention; and (7) the degree of certainty in identifying [the accused].”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.