State v. Arroyo’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

133 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 134 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “It is well established that a defendant has a right to introduce evidence that indicates that someone other than the defendant committed the crime with which the defendant has been charged.... The defendant must, however, present evidence that directly connects a third party to the crime.... It is not enough to show that another had the motive to commit the crime ... nor is it enough to raise a bare suspicion that some other person may have committed the crime of which the defendant is accused....”

   5 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 188 Conn. App. 446 - State v. Gray-Brown · 168 Conn. App. 505 - State v. Blaine

2. “[e]vidence that would raise only a bare suspicion that a third party, rather than the defendant, committed the charged offense would not be relevant to the jury's determination”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 169 Conn. App. 540 - Bush v. Commissioner of Correction · 171 Conn. App. 436 - State v. Berthiaume

3. “[I]f the evidence pointing to a third party's culpability, taken together and considered in the light most favorable to the defendant, establishes a direct connection between the third party and the charged offense, rather than merely raising a bare suspicion that another could have committed the crime, a trial court has a duty to submit an appropriate charge to the jury.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 188 Conn. App. 446 - State v. Gray-Brown · 190 Conn. App. 589 - State v. Abdus-Sabur