¶1 MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
¶2 Plaintiff, Stephan Schmidheiny brought this action alleging violation of the Anti-cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA), 15 U.S.C. § 1129. Presently before the court are the parties renewed cross motions for summary judgment predicated upon a joint stipulation of undisputed facts. For the reasons which follow, we enter judgment in favor of the Schmidheiny.
¶3 The joint stipulation establishes the following facts:
¶4 1. Plaintiff Stephan Schmidheiny (Mr. Schmidheiny) is a living individual.
¶5 2. Mr. Schmidheiny has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world by Forbes magazine for the past three years. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 1 at p. 114; Exh. 2 at p. 263; Exh. 3 at p. 228)
¶6 3. The Internet domain name <schmi-dheiny.com > includes the Schmidheiny surname.
¶7 4. Mr. Schmidheiny did not consent to the defendants registration of the domain name < schmidheiny.com >. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 11 at & 1)
¶8 5. Mr. Weber has registered or otherwise acquired Internet domain names listing Domainsale and Weber Technologies as the registrants. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 13)
¶9 6. Famology.com, Inc. was incorporated in April 2000. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 32)
¶10 *615 7. Mr. Weber is the President and Treasurer of Famology.com, Inc. (McDo-nell Decl., Exh. 32)
¶11 8. Mr. Weber is currently listed as the administrative and technical contact for Famology.com, Inc. for the <schmi-dheiny.com> domain name. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 7)
¶12 9. One or both of the defendants sold or transferred the domain name <silver-man.com > to a third party in return for a payment of $8,500. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 12)
¶13 10. One or both of the defendants sold or transferred the domain name <mur-dock.com > to a third party in return for a payment of $9,500. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 12)
¶14 11. One or both of the defendants sold or transferred the domain name <gould.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 12)
¶15 12. In 2000, one or both of the defendants offered the domain name <mor-an.com> for sale for $50,000 through <virtualestate.com>, a website controlled by one or both of the defendants. (McDo-nell Reply Decl., Exh. 2; Exh. 3) That <virtualestate.eom> website states that “The following Domain Names are for sale,” including <moran.com>. (McDonell Reply Decl., Exh. 2 at § 00036) The domain name <moran.com> includes a word that is a surname. (See Defendant’s Cross Motion for Summary Judgment and Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment at p. 3 ¶ ¶ 4, 7)
¶16 13. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <pritz-ker.com>. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶17 14. Jay Robert Pritzker and Thomas Pritzker have been ranked among the world’s wealthiest individuals by Forbes magazine. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 1 at p. 112)
¶18 15. On or about October 14, 1999, Mr. Weber received a protest letter from counsel for Jay Robert Pritzker based on the registration of the domain name <pritz-ker.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 19)
¶19 16. One or both of the defendants sold or transferred the domain name <pritz-ker.com > to a third party. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 12)
¶20 17. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <kohl-berg.com >. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶21 18. Jerome Spiegel Kohlberg, Jr. has been ranked among the world’s wealthiest individuals by Forbes magazine. (McDo-nell Deck, Exh. 1 at p. 124)
¶22 19. In May 2000, Mr. Weber was paid $3,000 by Kohlberg & Co., L.L.C. in exchange for the transfer of <kohl-berg.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 15)
¶23 20. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <whoo-pi.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶24 21. One or both of the defendants was paid $9,000 by the entertainer Whoopi Goldberg or her representative or affiliated company in return for the domain name <whoopi.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 12)
¶25 22. The Declaration of Marc Reiner in Support of Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment, which was filed under seal, attaches as Exhibit 1 documentation of a payment received by one or both of the defendants in exchange for a domain name that includes an individual’s surname.
¶26 23. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain names <princess-di.net>, <princess-di.com>, cladydia-na.net>, <ladydiana.org>, <ladydi.net>, <lady-di.com>, and <lady-diana.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10; Exh. 12)
¶27 24. One or both of the defendants sold the domain names <ladydiana.org>, <lady-di.com>, and <lady-diana.com> for $500 each. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 12)
¶28 *616 25. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain names cmothert-eresa.com>, <motherteresa.net>, <mot-herteresa.org>, <mother-teresa.com>, <mother-teresa.org>, and <mother-tere-sa.net>. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶29 26. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain names <sultanof-brunei.com>, <sultanofbrunei.net>, <sul-tanbrunei.com>, and <hmsultanofbru-nei.com >. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶30 27. One or both of defendants has registered the domain name crossper-ot.com >. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶31 28. Ross Perot’s company, Perot Systems Corporation, brought an arbitration proceeding against Domainsale. (McDo-nell Decl., Exh. 13)
¶32 29. The arbitrator in that proceeding found that Mr. Weber registered or acquired the domain name <rossperot.com> primarily for the purpose of selling, renting or otherwise transferring the domain name for valuable consideration in excess of his out-of-pocket costs directly related to the domain name. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 11 at Response to Request to Admit No. 19)
¶33 30. The domain name crossper-ot.com > was transferred to Perot Systems Corporation as a result of the arbitration. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶34 31. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain names <jaguar.com> and <jag.com>. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 12)
¶35 32. In Jaguar Cars Ltd. et al. v. Steven Weber, Civil Action No. 98-70623, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, one or both of the defendants was sued based on the domain names <jaguar.eom> and <jag.com>. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 14 at § 00083)
¶36 33. One or both of the defendants transferred the domain names <jag-
¶37 uar.com> and <jag.com> to Jaguar Cars Ltd. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶38 34. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <frankli-nmint.com >. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶39 35. In Franklin Mint Company v. Steven Weber, Civil Action No. 98-CV-3011, suit was brought against one or both of the defendants in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by the Franklin Mint Company over the use of the domain name cfrankli-nmint.com >. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 14 at § 00083-84)
¶40 36. One or both of the defendants transferred the domain name <frankli-nmint.com > to Franklin Mint Company. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 10)
¶41 37. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <clar-idge.com >. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶42 38. In The Claridge At Park Plaza, Inc. v. Steven Weber, Civil Action No. 98-CV-3757, suit was brought in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by The Claridge At Park Plaza, Inc. arising out of the registration by one or both of the defendants of the domain name <claridge.eom>. (McDo-nell Deck, Exh. 14 at § 00084)
¶43 39. One or both of the defendants transferred the domain name <clar-idge.com> to the Claridge Casino & Hotel. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶44 40. One or both of the defendants has registered the domain name <sadd.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶45 41. SADD, Inc. brought an arbitration against the registration of <sadd.com> by one or both of the defendants and the arbitrator ruled in favor of SADD, Inc. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 14)
¶46 42. One or both of the defendants transferred the domain name <sadd.com> to SADD, Inc. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 10)
¶47 *617 43. When registering a domain name, an individual the registrant enters into a contractual agreement with a registrar. (Network Solutions, Inc. v. Umbro, Inti. Inc., 259 Va.759, 529 S.E.2d 80, 86 (2000))
¶48 44. As part of that contractual agreement, the registrar agrees to allow the registrant the exclusive use of a specific domain name for a certain period of time. (Network Solutions, Inc. v. Umbro, Inti Inc., 259 Va.759, 529 S.E.2d 80, 86 (2000))
¶49 45. In exchange for the right to use the domain name for a fixed period, the registrant pays a certain sum of money and agrees to certain other conditions, which vary depending upon the registrar involved. (McDonell Decl., Exhs. 21, 23)
¶50 46. In March 2000, the named registrant for < schmidheiny.com > was “Weber Net” and the registrar was Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI). (McDonell Deck, Exh. 6)
¶51 47. In June 2000, the domain name <schmidheiny.com> was transferred from NSI, a U.S. domain name registrar, to a new registrar, Internet Names Worldwide (“INWW”), a division of Melbourne IT Ltd. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 19)
¶52 48. The named registrant for <schmi-dheiny.com> was changed in or after June 2000 to defendant Famology.com, Inc. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 9 at Response to Interrog. No. 5)
¶53 49. Defendant Famology.com, Inc. and Weber Net are not the same entity. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 11 at ¶ 11)
¶54 50. One or both of the defendants paid a fee and entered into a contract — a “Registration agreement” with INWW. (McDo-nell Decl., Exh. 23 at § 00146)
¶55 51. In exchange for paying a fee and entering into the Registration agreement, one or both of the defendants was permitted to transfer the < schmidheiny.com > domain name to INWW and to reserve the <schmidheiny.com> domain name for an additional year past its original February 2001 expiration date. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 23 at § 00146)
¶56 52. After the <schmidheiny.com> domain name was transferred to INWW, the new expiration date for <schmi-dheiny.com> became February 28, 2002. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 29)
¶57 53. On or around May 24, 2001, one or both of the defendants paid INWW a fee to reserve to Famology.com, Inc. the exclusive use of the < schmidheiny.com > domain name for an additional one-year period. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 28)
¶58 54. On the INWW website, INWW provides information about the registrant of domain names that are registered through INWW. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 7)
¶59 55. As of July 25, 2001, on the INWW website, INWW listed the “Registration Date” of <schmidheiny.com> as June 22, 2000. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 7)
¶60 56. Pursuant to the Terms and Conditions of NSI’s “Registrant Name Change Agreement,” the New Registrant enters into an agreement “for the registration” of the domain name and the effective date of that “registration” is the date of NSI’s transmission of an acknowledgment to the New Registrant. (McDonell Decl., Exh. 22, at § 00117)
¶61 57. On the DirectNic website, the registrar gives instructions for transferring domain names to DirectNic from another registrar. As part of those instructions, the DirectNic website states: “At this time, your transferred domains can only be registered for one year. At the time of renewal you can change the number of years you have your domains registered.” (See http://www.directnic.com/help/faq/in-dex. php?questioned=72 & topic-id =5)
¶62 58. In November 2000, Mr. Weber sent an email with the following text to Ms. *618 Evelyn Braun, Mr. Schmidheiny’s assistant:
Hello,
I am sending this email to those who have shown an interest in the purchase of the Schmidheiny.com Domain Name. I recently received an offer of $1,000,000 for this domain name. I don’t know why those people want this name or why they made such an elaborate offer but I certainly plan on accepting this offer regardless of their intent. I told them once the name was not for sale and they then made this offer. I believe that they are sincere though I have no idea why they want the name so badly. But for $1,000,000, I am not going to question their motives!
I figured I owened [sic ] it to myself and to those who were interested in the name to allow you an opportunity to better this offer. I have no intentions on [sic] involving anyone in a bidding war. The people who made this offer clearly stated that their offer price was firm. Therefore, if anyone is willing and/or able to make an offer of $1.1 million I will certainly sell to you instead. If anyone is interested, please reply as soon as possible. Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
Steve Weber
(215) 513-1788
¶63 (McDonell Deck, Exh. 25; Exh. 11 at ¶ 2)
¶64 59. Defendants did not produce in discovery a copy of the $1,000,000 offer referenced in Mr. Weber’s e-mail to Ms. Braun.
¶65 60. Mr. Weber uses the Afternic.com domain name auction website under the username “santa.” (McDonell Deck, Exh. 11 at ¶ 18)
¶66 61. On or about November 28, 2000, the < schmidheiny.com > domain name was listed on the Afternic.com website with the “seller” designated as “santa” and the “minimum offer” designated as $1,100,000. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 26)
¶67 62. According to the Afternic.com User Agreement, when a registrant lists a domain name for auction or sale he or she makes “a binding offer for sale that cannot be withdrawn.” (McDonell Reply Deck, Exh. 1 at ¶ 12)
¶68 63. One or both of the defendants would have achieved a profit if he/it sold the < schmidheiny.com > domain name for $1 million or more. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 12 at Response to Interrog. No. 10)
¶69 64. Defendants did not produce any evidence in discovery that anyone with the Schmidheiny name has actually used any services that defendants provide at <schmidheiny.com>. (McDonell Deck, Exh. 9 at Response to Interrog. No. 8)
¶70 65. The Yahoo! search database of telephone directories contains no entries in the United States for the surname “Schmi-dheiny.” (McDonell Deck, Exh. 5 at § 00149)
¶71 66. Armand Christopher has registered the domain names < cybersquatters.com > and <cyberbullies.com> and operated websites connected with those domain names. (McDonell Reply Deck, Exhs. 5-8) On the top of each of those websites is the heading “CYBERSQUATTERS.COM” and the text “PROTECT YOUR RIGHTS!” (McDonell Deck, Exhs. 7, 8)
¶72 67. One or both of the defendants has registered the following domain names. These domain names are identical to the surnames of individuals who have been ranked among the world’ wealthiest individuals by Forbes magazine. The individuals on the Forbes list are indicated next to the domain names below.
¶73 *619 Domain Name Individual
¶74 <adelson.com> Sheldon Adelson
¶75 < alhariri.com >/< al-hariri.com > Rafik Al-Hariri
¶76 <alkharafi.com>/<al-kharafi.com> Nassir AI-Kharafi
¶77 <aramburuzabala.com> Maria Aramburuzabala
¶78 < arnault.com> Bernard Arnault
¶79 < arrillaga.com > John Arrillaga
¶80 <bailleres.org> Alberto Bailleres
¶81 <beisheim.com> Otto Beisheim
¶82 <busuiima.com> Kunio Busuiima
¶83 <dedman.com> Robert Henry Dedman
¶84 <fentener> John A. Fentener van Vlissingen
¶85 <frist.com> Thomas F. Frist, Jr.
¶86 < gonda.com > Louis Gonda and Leslie Gonda
¶87 <haefner.com> Walter Haefner
¶88 <haub.com> Erivan Haub
¶89 <hopp.com> Dietmar Hopp
¶90 <itoyama.com> Eitaro Itoyama
¶91 <.iannard.com> Jim Jannard
¶92 <kamprad.com> Ingvar Kamprad
¶93 <kerkorian.com> Kirk Kerkorian
¶94 <khosla.org> Vinad Khosla
¶95 <koplowitz.com> Alicia Koplowitz and Esther Koplowitz
¶96 <kovner.net>/<kovner.org> Bruce Kovner
¶97 <kriens.org> Scott Kriens
¶98 <kristiansen.com> Kield Kirk Kristiansen
¶99 <kroenke.eom> Ann Walton Kroenke
¶100 <kudelski.org> Andre KudelsM
¶101 < kuok.com > Robert Kuok
¶102 < kwek.com > Leng Beng Kwek
¶103 <luksie.eom> Andronico Luksic
¶104 <mathile.com> Clayton L. Mathile
¶105 <mercMe.net> Adolf MercMe
¶106 <murdoek.eom> David Howard Murdock
¶107 < naify.com > Robert Allen Naify
¶108 <nambu.com> YasuyuM Nambu
¶109 < omidyar.com > Pierre M. Omidyar
¶110 <pinault.com> Francois Pinault
¶111 <potanin.com> Vladimir Potanin
¶112 <rales.com> Mitchell Rales and Steven Rales
¶113 <sahenk.com> Ferit Sahenk
¶114 <samueli.com> Henry Samueli
¶115 <schmidheiny.com> Stephan Schmidheiny
¶116 <schoerghuber.com> Stefan Schoerghuber
¶117 <skoll.com> Jeff Skoll
¶118 <sobrato.net> John Albert Sobrato
¶119 <takdzaM.com> Takernitsu TaMzaM
¶120 <tschira.eom> Klaus Tsehira
¶121 < tsutsumi.com > YoshiaM Tsutsumi
¶122 *620 <ueltschi.com> Albert Lee Ueltschi
¶123 <van-beuren.com> Hope Hill Van Beuren
¶124 <vonfinck.com> August von Finek
¶125 < von-holtzbrinck.com > Dieter von Holtzbrinck
¶126 <waitt.com> Theodore Waitt and Norman Waitt
¶127 < winnick.com > Gary Winnick
¶128 68. Defendants have no connection with any of the individuals listed above who have been ranked among the world’ wealthiest individuals by Forbes magazine, including Mr. Schmidheiny.
¶129 69. The domain name schmidheiny.com was first registered on February 28, 1999, before the enactment of 15 USC 1129.
¶130 70. The only registrar of dot com domain names that existed at the time 15 USC 1129 was passed was Network Solutions Inc.
¶131 71. Plaintiff made no offer to purchase the domain name schmidheiny.com before he filed the instant case.
¶132 72. There are towns in Kansas, Michigan, Texas, and Wyoming named Moran.
¶133 73. On or about June 15, 2000, Weber received an email message from Evelyn Braun stating, in part, “Stephan Schmi-dheiny would be interested in the domain name schmidheiny.com .... ”
¶134 74. Weber contacted Ms. Braun and indicated that the name was “not available for transfer.”
¶135 75. There are about 95 individuals with the surname Schmidheiny in Switzerland.
¶136 76. The following domain names are owned by Plaintiff, or his brother, or one of their companies: schmi-dheiny.net, schmidheiny.org, stephan-schmidheiny.com, stephan-sehmi-dheiny.net, stephan-schmidheiny.com, ste-phanschmidheiny.com, stephanschmi-dheiny.net, stephanschmidheiny.org, th-schmidheiny.com, th-schmidheiny.net, th-schmidheiny.org, thomas-schmi-dheiny.com, thomas-schmidheiny.net, thomas-schmidheiny.org, thomasschmi-dheiny.com, thomasschmidheiny.net, tho-masschmidheiny.org, thschmidheiny.com, thschmidheiny.net, thschmidheiny.org.
¶137 77. Weber has registered hundreds of domain names which primarily fall into four different categories. Names of famous individuals such as Ross Perot. Generic words such as back.com, gymnasium.com, hypnotists.com, jets.com and others. Weber also registered hundreds of surnames including Gould.com, Smith, ly, Moran.com and numerous geographic descriptions.
¶138 78. Weber does not own weber.com.
¶139 79. Famology.com, Inc. currently offers web based email services using hundreds of different domain names which incorporate surnames. Anyone on the planet can obtain a free email address at schmidheiny.com through Famology.com Inc.
¶140 80. The Famology.com website currently provides links to genealogy web sites, links to family oriented web sites, a free message posting service, and a free email reminder service.
¶141 81. Weber currently operates a website about Mother Teresa at http://www.mot-herteresa.com/.
¶142 82. Weber donated four Princess Diana domain names he owned to the Diana Foundation.
¶143 83. The website Netldentity.com (formerly MailBank.com) holds over 15,000 surname domain names, and uses them to provide email services.
¶144 84. Charlotte Weber is on the Forbes list of wealthiest individuals but Steven *621 Weber is not. Their last names are identical.
¶145 85. Famology.com Inc owns the following domain names which do not represent individuals on the Forbes list of wealthiest individuals:
¶146 8DWORLDS.COM
¶147 3H.COM
¶148 ABDUL.NET
¶149 ABDUL.ORG
¶150 ABODEOFPEACE.COM
¶151 ACUPUNCTURISTS.COM
¶152 ADAMS.WS
¶153 AGORDO.ORG
¶154 ALBRIGHTSVILLE.COM
¶155 ALDERFER.COM
¶156 ALESSANDRINI.ORG
¶157 AL-MASRI.COM
¶158 ALMASRI.NET
¶159 AL-MASRI.NET
¶160 ALMUHTADEEBILLAH.COM
¶161 AMERICANJOURNAL.COM
¶162 AMERICAN-JOURNAL.COM
¶163 ANTIPOLO.COM
¶164 ARCORE.ORG
¶165 ARDILA.COM
¶166 ARMAGH.COM
¶167 AUCTIONCHAT.NET
¶168 BACK.COM
¶169 BADHOMBURG.ORG
¶170 BAINUM.COM
¶171 BAKRIE.COM
¶172 BAL-HARBOR.NET
¶173 BAL-HARBOR.ORG
¶174 BANDARSERIBEGAWAN.COM
¶175 BANGAR.COM
¶176 BARNDT.COM
¶177 BARRINGTON-HILLS.COM
¶178 BARRINGTONHILLS.NET
¶179 BARRINGTONHILLS.ORG
¶180 BAZELON.COM
¶181 BELAIT.COM
¶182 BENALIA.COM
¶183 BENTONVILLE.ORG
¶184 BERAKAS.COM
¶185 BIDIS.COM
¶186 BILLCOSBY.COM
¶187 BILL-COSBY.COM
¶188 BILLUND.ORG
¶189 BLOOMFIELD-HILLS.ORG
¶190 BOLER.COM
¶191 BONNE.COM
¶192 BOUDJAKDJI.COM
¶193 BRAINTEASERS.COM
¶194 BREAST-CANCER.COM
¶195 BREAST-CANCER.ORG
¶196 BRENNINKMEYER.COM
¶197 BRITISHCOLUMBIA.ORG
¶198 BRITISH-COLUMBIA.ORG
¶199 BRUMAIL.COM
¶200 BRUNEII.COM
¶201 BRUNEIAN.COM
¶202 BRUNEIAN.NET
¶203 BRUNEIAN.ORG
¶204 BRUNEIANS.COM
¶205 BRUNEIANS.NET
¶206 BRUNEIANS.ORG
¶207 BRUNEIDARUSSALAM.COM
¶208 BRUNEIDARUSSALAM.NET
¶209 BRUNEIDARUSSALAM.ORG
¶210 BRUNEIINTERNET.COM
¶211 BRUSEARCH.COM
¶212 CAMDENCOUNTY.COM
¶213 CARELL.COM
¶214 CARSEY.COM
¶215 CARTER.WS
¶216 CASCINA.COM
¶217 CASKET.COM
¶218 CATHOLICS.NET
¶219 CATHOLICS.ORG
¶220 CHANUKAH.NET
¶221 CHANUKAH.ORG
¶222 CHARLIZE.COM
¶223 CHERNICK.COM
¶224 CHOWDRY.NET
¶226 CLEANSERS.COM
¶227 CODESIGNS.COM
¶228 CONSENT.ORG
¶229 CROSSMANN.COM
¶230 CR0WN-P0INT.NET
¶231 CROWN-POINT.ORG
¶232 CUCME.COM
¶233 CYBERLADY.COM
¶234 DABBIERE.COM
¶235 DADE.COM
¶236 DADECOUNTY.COM
¶237 DADE-COUNTY.COM
¶238 DAKOTA-DUNES.COM
¶239 DAKOTADUNES.NET
¶240 DAKOTADUNES.ORG
¶241 DAWSONCREEK.COM
¶242 DAWSON-CREEK.COM
¶243 DEBROE.COM
¶244 DEFFOREY.COM
¶245 DELASKI.COM
¶246 DEMOULAS.COM
¶247 DENEME.COM
¶248 DENOBLE.ORG
¶249 DETERS.COM
¶250 DEUTSCHE.NET
¶251 DEUTSCHE.ORG
¶252 DEXMIER.COM
¶253 DKMB.COM
¶254 DOLPHINS.COM
¶255 D0MAINS4SALE.NET
¶256 DOMAINSALE.COM
¶257 DOMAINWANTEDADS.COM
¶258 DOMMERMUTH.COM
¶259 DONSKY.COM
¶260 DOWNTOWNER.COM
¶261 DRESHER.COM
¶262 DUCHOSSOIS.COM
¶263 DUMPED.COM
¶264 EAFE.COM
¶265 EASTER.NET
¶266 EAU-CLAIRE.ORG
¶267 EBBERS.COM
¶268 ELKFORD.COM
¶269 ENB.COM
¶270 ENB.NET
¶271 ENB.ORG
¶272 E-NEWS.COM
¶273 ENTERTAINMENT.CC
¶274 ENVESTMENT.COM
¶275 ENVESTMENTS.COM
¶276 ENVESTOR.COM
¶277 ENVESTORS.COM
¶278 E-VESTING.COM
¶279 EVESTMENT.COM
¶280 E-VESTMENT.COM
¶281 EVESTMENTS.COM
¶282 E-VESTMENTS.COM
¶283 EVESTOR.COM
¶284 E-VESTOR.COM
¶285 FAHIM.COM
¶286 FAMILYAFFAIR.COM
¶287 FAMOLOGY.COM
¶288 FAMOLOGY.NET
¶289 FAMOLOGY.ORG
¶290 FATHERKNOWSBEST.COM
¶291 FIRESTEIN.COM
¶292 FLB.COM
¶293 GADONG.COM
¶294 GARCIA.WS
¶295 GARIS.COM
¶296 GLICKSON.COM
¶297 GMAONLINE.COM
¶298 GOIZUETA.COM
¶299 GOKONGWEI.COM
¶300 GOLDSCHMEDING.COM
¶301 GOSSIP.NET
¶302 GRAZER.COM
¶303 GREENWOOD-VILLAGE.COM
¶304 GROSSEPOINTESHORES.NET
¶305 GWYNEDD.COM
¶306 GYMNASIUM.COM
¶307 GYMNASIUMS.COM
¶308 HAEBLER.COM
¶309 HAIFU.COM
¶311 HAMADAYAMA.ORG
¶312 HANIEL.COM
¶313 HANUKKAH.ORG
¶314 HASCOE.COM
¶315 HASSANAL.COM
¶316 HASSANALBOLKIAH.COM
¶317 HASSANAL-BOLKIAH.COM
¶318 HETG00I.NET
¶319 HETGOOI.ORG
¶320 HHH.COM
¶321 HISROYALHIGHNESS.COM
¶322 HMSULTAN.COM
¶323 HMSULTANOFBRUNEI.COM
¶324 HNEWS.COM
¶325 HOME-VIDEOS.COM
¶326 H0NICKMAN.NET
¶327 HONICKMAN.ORG
¶328 HORSEHEAD.COM
¶329 HUBB.COM
¶330 HUSSEIN.ORG
¶331 HYPNOTISTS.COM
¶332 IBM
¶333 IBS.NET
¶334 ILITCH.COM
¶335 INEWS.COM
¶336 I-NEWS.COM
¶337 INEWSXCHNAGE.COM
¶338 INVERMERE.COM
¶339 ISTANANURULIMAN.COM
¶340 ITAIL.COM
¶341 JABATAN.COM
¶342 JERMOLUK.COM
¶343 JERUSALEM.NET
¶344 JETS.COM
¶345 JFKJR.NET
¶346 JFKJUNIOR.COM
¶347 J-J.COM
¶348 JOAN.COM
¶349 JUST5.COM
¶350 KAPHAN.COM
¶351 KARMANOS.COM
¶352 KATZENBERG.COM
¶353 KERRISDALE.COM
¶354 KIDCO.ORG
¶355 KIDRO.COM
¶356 KITIMAT.COM
¶357 K-K.COM
¶358 KLAMATH-FALLS.NET
¶359 KLAMATH-FALLS.ORG
¶360 KOMANSKY.COM
¶361 KOSHLAND.COM
¶362 KRAUZE.COM
¶363 KRETEKS.COM
¶364 KUNZELSAU.COM
¶365 KUNZELSAU.NET
¶366 KUNZELSAU.ORG
¶367 KUSHMAN.COM
¶368 LAHAINER.COM
¶369 LAWE.COM
¶370 LAWSOCIETY.COM
¶371 LEEKS.COM
¶372 LEPRINO.COM
¶373 LESLEY.COM
¶374 LEWIS.WS
¶375 LIEM.COM
¶376 LIEMANDT.COM
¶377 LIMBANG.COM
¶378 LITWIN.COM
¶379 LIVE.CC
¶380 LIVEINTERNET.COM
¶381 LIVEWWW.COM
¶382 LNEWS.COM
¶383 LOANANDHELP.COM
¶384 LOANESCORT.COM
¶385 LOANSPELL.COM
¶386 LUMBY.COM
¶387 MACARTHURPARK.COM
¶388 MACARTHUR-PARK.COM
¶389 MACRI.COM
¶390 MAGERKO.COM
¶391 MAKHTOUM.COM
¶392 MALAWIAN.COM
¶393 MANDM.COM
¶394 MANOOGIAN.COM
¶396 MARPOLE.COM
¶397 MARTIN.WS
¶398 MARWICK.COM
¶399 MASENO.COM
¶400 MASHOUF.COM
¶401 MAUNA.COM
¶402 MCVANEY.ORG
¶403 MEEGO.COM
¶404 MEGGEN.NET
¶405 MEGGEN.ORG
¶406 MEGSI.COM
¶407 MELROSE-PARK.COM
¶408 MERCERISLAND.NET
¶409 MERCER-ISLAND.ORG
¶410 METRODADE.COM
¶411 MEXICOCITY.ORG
¶412 MIDLANTIC.COM
¶413 MIDLANTIC.COM
¶414 MILLINGTON.COM
¶415 MNM.COM
¶416 M0HAMMAD.NET
¶417 MOHAMMAD.ORG
¶418 MOLEY.COM
¶419 M0MC0.C0M
¶420 M0RANS.NET
¶421 MORRILTON.ORG
¶422 MOTHERTERESA.COM
¶423 MOTHER-TERESA.COM
¶424 MOTHERTERESA.NET
¶425 MOTHER-TERESA.NET
¶426 MOTHERTERESA.ORG
¶427 MOTHER-TERESA.ORG
¶428 M0UNTKISC0.NET
¶429 M0UNT-KISC0.NET
¶430 MUHTADEE.COM
¶431 MUHTADEEBILLAH.COM
¶432 MUHTADEE-BILLAH.COM
¶433 NADING.COM
¶434 NAHYAN.COM
¶435 NANNY-CAM.COM
¶436 NEGARABRUNEIDARUSSA-
¶437 LAM.COM
¶438 NEILSON.WS
¶439 NETLINGS.COM
¶440 NEW-ALBANY.NET
¶441 NEW-ALBANY.ORG
¶442 NEWTON-CENTRE.COM
¶443 NEWTONCENTRE.NET
¶444 NEWTONCENTRE.ORG
¶445 NEWWESTMINSTER.COM
¶446 NEW-WESTMINSTER.COM
¶447 NIGHAM.COM
¶448 NORTHERNVIRGINIA.COM
¶449 NORTHVIRGINIA.COM
¶450 NORWEGIANS.COM
¶451 NOTOVIOLENCE.COM
¶452 NTV.COM
¶453 NTW.COM
¶454 NTW.ORG
¶455 NURMBERG.COM
¶456 NURMBERG.NET
¶457 NURMBERG.ORG
¶458 NVERGINIA.COM
¶459 NYCITY.ORG
¶460 NY-NY.NET
¶461 NYNY.ORG
¶462 OMAIZA.COM
¶463 OMAIZA.NET
¶464 OMAIZA.ORG
¶465 ONB.COM
¶466 OPPERMAN.COM
¶467 OSANO.COM
¶468 OSHIMA.COM
¶469 OWINGS-MILLS.COM
¶470 OWINGSMILLS.ORG
¶471 OYSTER-BAY.NET
¶472 OYSTER-BAY.ORG
¶473 PADIAN.COM
¶474 PARENTGARTEN.COM
¶475 PCCC.COM
¶476 PERENCHIO.COM
¶477 PERUNDING.COM
¶478 PETAR.COM
¶479 PETSURF.NET
¶481 PINEAPPLEISLAND.COM
¶482 PLASTIC101.COM
¶483 PORTOLA-VALLEY.COM
¶484 PRESLEY.ORG
¶485 PRINCEJEFRLCOM
¶486 PRINCEOFWALES.COM
¶487 PRINCESS-DI.COM
¶488 PRINCESSDI.NET
¶489 PRIT.COM
¶490 PRITZ.COM
¶491 PRITZ.COM
¶492 QANDQ.COM
¶493 Q-Q.COM
¶494 QUADRACCI.COM
¶495 RAMAPHOSA.COM
¶496 RASHMAN.COM
¶497 READYWEAR.COM
¶498 RESERVES.COM
¶499 RNR.COM
¶500 ROBINSIN.WS
¶501 RODRIGUEZ.WS
¶502 ROKKE.COM
¶503 ROSKI.COM
¶504 ROTHAUG.COM
¶505 RYSZARD.COM
¶506 SABLI.COM
¶507 SADULPUR.NET
¶508 SADULPUR.ORG
¶509 SAINTMARYSPOINT.COM
¶510 SANDB.COM
¶511 SANDSTONE.COM
¶512 SAN-MATEO.ORG
¶513 SAVINGSNLOAN.COM
¶514 SCANNERS.NET
¶515 SCIFRES.NET
¶516 SCIFRES.ORG
¶517 SEAGAMES.ORG
¶518 SEMAUN.COM
¶519 SENGKURONG.COM
¶520 SERICEL.COM
¶521 SERICELS.COM
¶522 SEYDOUX.COM
¶523 SHAREWAREFIND.COM
¶524 SHERMAN-OAKS.COM
¶525 SHORT-HILLS.ORG
¶526 SHOULD.COM
¶527 SHUNTAK.NET
¶528 SHUNTAK.ORG
¶529 SIMONYI.COM
¶530 SIPC.COM
¶531 SKELTON.COM
¶532 SNP500.COM
¶533 SPARWOOD.COM
¶534 SPORTUTILITYVEHICLE.COM
¶535 SSEA.COM
¶536 STEINBRUCH.COM
¶537 STMARYSPOINT.COM
¶538 STOCK-BROKERS.COM
¶539 STRATHAM.NET
¶540 STRATHAM.ORG
¶541 SUBOTNICK.COM
¶542 SULTANBRUNEI.COM
¶543 SULTANOFBRUNEI.COM
¶544 SULTANOFBRUNEI.NET
¶545 SUNDAE.COM
¶546 SUSKIND.COM
¶547 SYNAGOGUE.NET
¶548 SZLAM.COM
¶549 TAPPEN.COM
¶550 TECHNOLOGYSTOCK.COM
¶551 TEMBURONG.COM
¶552 TEWKESBURY.COM
¶553 THELAWS.COM
¶554 THE1VES.COM
¶555 TNA.COM
¶556 TOPFER.COM
¶557 TORESCO.COM
¶558 TOTCO.COM
¶559 TOYODA.COM
¶560 TRACINDA.COM
¶561 TSTOCK.COM
¶562 TUTONG.COM
¶563 TVBOOK.COM
¶564 UANDU.COM
¶566 UIRYUNG.NET
¶567 UIRYUNG.ORG
¶568 UNITED-KINGDOM.ORG
¶569 UNSTONE.COM
¶570 UNU.COM
¶571 U-U.COM
¶572 UUA.COM
¶573 YACATIONFAMILY.COM
¶574 YALBY.COM
¶575 VERGNES.COM
¶576 VERNON-HILLS.COM
¶577 VICTORIA.ORG
¶578 VINCIARELLI.COM
¶579 VIRTUALESTATE.COM
¶580 WALKER.WS
¶581 WAWASAN.COM
¶582 WBNEWS.COM
¶583 WEBERNET.COM
¶584 WEBERTEC.COM
¶585 WEBERTECHNOLOGIES.COM
¶586 WEBER-TECHNOLOGIES.COM
¶587 WEISGLASS.COM
¶588 WIDJAJA.COM
¶589 WILKENSON.COM
¶590 WILLIAMSLAKE.COM
¶591 WILLIS.ORG
¶592 WILLMOTH.COM
¶593 WINLUCK.COM
¶594 WIXOM.COM
¶595 WONOWIDJOJO.COM
¶596 WORKWATER.COM
¶597 WRIGHT.WS
¶598 WWWLIVE.COM
¶599 XANDX.COM
¶600 YAYASAN.COM
¶601 YAYASAN.NET
¶602 YAYASAN.ORG
¶603 YESTOLOVE.COM
¶604 YNY.COM
¶605 YTL.COM
¶606 Y-Y.COM
¶607 ZANDZ.COM
¶608 ZNB.COM
¶609 ZNZ.COM
¶610 ZWEBEN.NET
¶611 ZWEBEN.ORG
¶612 86. Network Solutions currently charges $29.00 for domain name registrations. (See http://www.networksolu-tions.com).
¶613 87. The domain name schmidheiny.com is currently registered with the registrar DirectNic. (See http://www.directnic.com/whois/?query=schmidheiny.com).
¶614 88. According to the whois record at DirectNic, the “creation date” for the domain name schmidheiny.com is 28-Feb-1999.
¶615 89. According to the Internet Names Worldwide web site they currently charge $85.00 per year per domain name for registrations and renewals. (See pricing button at http://inww.com).
¶616 90. According to the DirectNic web site they currently charge $15.00 per year for domain name registrations and renewals (See http://www.directnic.com/fea-tures/prices.)
¶617 DISCUSSION
¶618 The ACPA contains a prohibition on the use of personal names in domain names. 15 U.S.C. § 1129(1)(A) provides:
Any person who registers a domain name that consists of the name of another living person, or a name substantially and confusingly similar thereto, without that person’s consent, with the specific intent to profit from such name by selling the domain name for financial gain to that person or any third party, shall be liable in a civil action by such person.
¶619 Subsection (B) provides an exception for those who register personal names if such name is used in, affiliated with, or related to a work of authorship protected as a copyright under Title 17 of the U.S.Code. *627 Section 1129(2) provides the remedies available for violation of ACPA:
In any civil action brought under paragraph (1), a court may award injunctive relief, including the forfeiture or cancellation of the domain name or the transfer of the domain name to the plaintiff. The court may also, in its discretion, award costs and attorneys fees to the prevailing party.
¶620 15 U.S.C. § 1129(2).
¶621 The elements of the cause of action established by the statute are straightforward. A person is liable under ACPA if he (1) registers a domain name; (2) that consists of the name of another living person (or one that is substantially and confusingly similar); (3) without that person’s consent; (4) with the intent to profit from selling that domain name to the person or a third party. The stipulated facts demonstrate that plaintiff has satisfied his burden of demonstrating each of these elements. Defendants registered the < schmidheiny.com > domain name. That domain name consists of the name of Stephan Schmidheiny, a living person. Plaintiff did not consent to the registration. Finally, the stipulation establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that defendants specifically intended to profit from the sale of the domain name to the plaintiff. That intent is established by defendants’ previous course of conduct of registering domain names of wealthy individuals and then selling or attempting to sell those domain names to those persons or others. That intent is also established by defendants’ e-mails to the plaintiff offering to sell the domain name for $1.1 million, while falsely implying that others were in competition with plaintiff to purchase the domain name.
¶622 Defendants argue that summary judgment is not appropriate on the issue of specific intent. Specifically, they assert that the offer to sell the domain name in November 2000 is not necessarily probative of their intent to profit from the registration of the domain name in June 2000, arguing that a jury could find based upon the defendants’ business plan to provide email addresses that the intent at the time of registration was not to sell, but to develop the domain name. Given the content of the stipulation, we cannot agree.
¶623 In deciding a motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “the test is whether there.is a genuine issue of material fact and, if not, whether the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Medical Protective Co. v. Watkins, 198 F.3d 100, 103 (3d Cir.1999) (citing Armbruster v. Unisys Corp., 32 F.3d 768, 777 (3d Cir.1994)). As to materiality, the substantive law will identify which facts are material; only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). Furthermore, “summary judgment will not lie if the dispute about a material fact is genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Id. at 250, 106 S.Ct. 2505.
¶624 On a motion for summary judgment, the facts should be reviewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. See Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986)(quoting United States v. Diebold, Inc., 369 U.S. 654, 655, 82 S.Ct. 993, 8 L.Ed.2d 176 (1962)). The nonmoving party “must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts,” Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, and must produce more than a “mere scintilla” of evidence to demonstrate a genuine issue of material fact and avoid summary judg *628 ment. See Big Apple BMW, Inc. v. BMW of North America, Inc., 974 F.2d 1358, 1373 (3d Cir.1992).
¶625 Defendants’ argument that the offer to sell the domain name in November 2000 is not necessarily probative of their intent to profit from the registration of the domain name in June 2000 — because a jury could find based upon the defendants’ business plan to provide e-mail addresses that the intent at the time of registration was not to sell, but to develop the domain name— strikes the court as a textbook example of the type of “metaphysical doubt” described by Matsushita. The stipulation contains substantial evidence of defendants’ specific intent to profit from the registration of the domain name. This includes evidence that they are in the business of buying and selling domain names; have registered numerous domain names that include trademarked names, names of celebrities, and names of wealthy persons; have registered domain names of numerous persons on the Forbes list while having no apparent connection to these names; have profited from the sales of domain names to others on the list; the time lapse between the registration in June 2000 and the offer of sale in November 2000, was relatively brief; defendants falsely implied that plaintiff was in competition with others in the bidding for the domain name; and, at the same time they offered the domain name to plaintiff, defendants also put the name up for auction at a price that had no reasonable connection to its value to anyone other than the plaintiff. Finally, defendants have come forward with no evidence to raise a jury issue on their claim that they intended to “develop” the web site. The fact that they offer a free e-mail address to anyone at the website, does not negate the evidence of specific intent to sell the site for profit to the plaintiff.
¶626 Accordingly, we find that plaintiff is entitled to summary judgment, injunctive relief, including the forfeiture or cancellation of the domain name or the transfer of the domain name to the plaintiff, and constitutes the prevailing party for the purposes of awarding costs and attorneys fees.
¶627 ORDER
¶628 The renewed motion of Stephan Schmi-dheiny for summary judgment (#40) is GRANTED.
¶629 Judgment on the merits is entered in favor of Stephan Schmidheiny and against Steven Weber d/b/a/ Domainsale and Fam-ology.com, Inc. and Famology.com, Inc.
¶630 Defendants Steven Weber d/b/a/ Do-mainsale and Famology.com, Inc. and Famology.com, Inc. are ORDERED to transfer the domain name < schmi-dheiny .com. > to the plaintiff Stephan Schmidheiny and are ENJOINED from registering a domain name substantially or confusingly similar to the <schmi-dheiny.com > domain name in the future.
¶631 Plaintiff Stephan Schmidheiny is DIRECTED to file an application for costs and attorney’s fees within twenty days.
¶632 IT IS SO ORDERED.