Grutter v. Bollinger’s Empirical Analysis
288 F.3d 732 · 2002
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 4 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2021 · most notably Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), Johnson v. City of Cincinnati (2002)
14 federal appellate · 4 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1292 · 28 U.S.C. § 46
Relies on Gregg v. Georgia · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Miller v. California · Marks v. United States · Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Public confidence in this court or any other is premised on the certainty that the court follows the rules in every case, regardless of the question that a particular case presents. Unless we expose to public view our failures to follow the court's established procedures, our claim to legitimacy is illegitimate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“flexible enough to consider all pertinent elements of diversity in light of the particular qualifications of each applicant, and to place them on the same footing for consideration, although not necessarily according them the same weight,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Grutter v. Bollinger“Does the University of Michigan’s use of racial preferences in undergraduate admissions violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000d), or 42 U.S.C. § 1981 ?”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.