United States v. Kovel’s Empirical Analysis
296 F.2d 918 · 1961
Citation profile
106 federal appellate · 44 district · 47 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 363 later decisions — most recently July 2024 · most notably Colton v. United States (1962), United States v. McPartlin (1979)
106 federal appellate · 44 district · 47 state decisions — followed in 20 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2106
Relies on Michaelson v. United States ex rel. Chicago · United States v. Fleischman · City & County of San Francisco v. Superior Court · Die & Toolmakers Lodge 113, International Ass'n of Machinists v. National Labor Relations Board
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 363 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“necessary, or at least highly useful, for the effective consultation between the client and the lawyer.”
32 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) Where legal advice of any kind is sought (2) from a professional legal adviser in his capacity as such, (3) the communications relating to that purpose, (4) made in confidence (5) by the client, (6) are at his instance permanently protected (7) from disclosure by himself or by the legal adviser, (8) except the protection be waived.”
24 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he investigation of truth and the enforcement of testimonial duty demand the restriction, not the expansion of [the] privilege[ ].”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.