Johnson v. Hamrick’s Empirical Analysis
296 F.3d 1065 · 2002
Citation profile
6 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently November 2023
6 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Slack v. McDaniel · Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority · Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. · City of Boerne v. Flores · Thornburg v. Gingles
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[P]laintiffs seeking to establish the third Gingles factor 'must show not only that whites vote as a bloc, but also that white bloc voting regularly causes the candidate preferred by black voters to lose; in addition, plaintiffs must show not only that blacks and whites sometimes prefer different candidates, but that blacks and whites consistently prefer different candidates.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“a bloc voting majority must usually be able to defeat candidates supported by a politically cohesive, geographically insular minority group”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.