Public-domain · open source
OpenJurist

296 Mass. 448

Caira v. Caira

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court

Decided January 25, 1937

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court · decided 1937-01-25

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““The plaintiff’s intestate was injured by the tort of the defendant committed while each was acting within the scope of his employment by the common employer. The employer was required by accepting the Workmen’s Compensation Act to protect the plaintiff’s intestate from the consequences of such conduct by the defendant. It was then an incident to the employment of both the plaintiff’s intestate and the defendant that there should be protection against such injury by the insurance of the employer under the Workmen’s Compensation Act. * * “One purpose of the Workmen’s Compensation Act was to sweep within its provisions all claims for compensation flowing from personal injuries arising out of and in the course of employment by a common employer insured under the act, and not to preserve for the benefit of the insurer or of the insurer and those injured liabilities between those engaged in the common employment which but for the act would exist at common law. That is the broad ground underlying the decisions already cited. It is equally applicable to the case at bar. An individual employee stands on the same footing with respect to such liability as a contractor or subcontractor.””

quoted by 1 later decision, including Kowcun v. Bybee

Relies on Donovan's Case · Bresnahan v. Barre · Ballou v. Fitzpatrick

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1937-01-25

How this case has been cited

Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently September 1986 · most notably Warner v. Leder (1952), Clark v. M. W. Leahy Co. (1938)

2 district · 29 state decisions

130193719401950196019701980decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

Lummus, J.

¶1The plaintiff and the defendant were fellow servants in the employ of a contractor insured under the workmen’s compensation act, G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152. The plaintiff was injured through the negligence of the defendant while the latter, in the course of his employment by the common employer, was carrying the plaintiff in a motor vehicle at the end of a day’s work. The finding of the auditor, which, not being contradicted, is conclusive (Ballou v. Fitzpatrick, 283 Mass. 336, 338), is “that while the plaintiff was not required to report at his employer’s place of business after work each, day that under his contract of em*449ployment he was entitled to be furnished by his employer with transportation to the employer’s yard on conclusion of his work and that the employer was fulfilling this obligation when the accident happened.”

¶2Upon this finding, the injury was compensable under the workmen’s compensation act. Donovan’s Case, 217 Mass. 76. Higgins’s Case, 284 Mass. 345, 348. See also Bresnahan v. Barre, 286 Mass. 593, 595. Upon this finding, also, it may be assumed that at common law the plaintiff could have recovered against the defendant upon proof of ordinary negligence. Bresnahan v. Barre, 286 Mass. 593, 595, 596. See also Alderman v. Noble, ante, 30. We assume in favor of the plaintiff, without deciding, that a conclusive election to proceed against the insurer for compensation under the workmen’s compensation act has not been shown. See G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, § 15; McDonald v. Employers’ Liability Assurance Corp. Ltd. 288 Mass. 170, 173. The plaintiff does not claim to have reserved his common law rights of action under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, § 24.

¶3The question for decision is whether the fact that the injury was compensable under the workmen’s compensation act deprives the plaintiff, without any election on his part, of a right of action against a fellow employee who was the actual wrongdoer. The answer depends upon the construction of G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 152, § 15.

¶4In Bresnahan v. Barre, 286 Mass. 593, the plaintiff’s intestate was mortally injured by the negligence of a fellow employee in the service of .a common employer insured under the workmen’s compensation act. The insurer paid compensation, and brought action against the fellow employee as a “person other than the insured” under § 15. It was held that a verdict for the defendant was properly directed. The court discussed the decisions holding that no action can be brought for personal injury, either by the person injured or by an insurer paying compensation, against the general contractor or a subcontractor, where compensation for the injury was provided by insurance furnished by the general contractor under § 18. Those decisions were held to be illustrations of a general principle that “One purpose of the *450workmen’s compensation act was to sweep within its provisions all claims for compensation flowing from personal injuries arising out of and in the course of employment by a common employer insured under the act, and not to preserve for the benefit of the insurer or of the insurer and those injured liabilities between those engaged in the common employment which but for the act would exist at common law” (page 597).

¶5Although in Bresnahanv. Barrethat general principle was stated in a guarded form which did not go beyond the requirements of that case, it cannot be restricted to cases in which the action against the fellow employee is brought by an insurer. If a fellow employee is not “some person other than the insured” within § 15 when the action is brought by the insurer, as was held in Bresnahanv. Barre, he is not within those words when the action is brought by the injured employee. This was recognized in Dresser v. New Hampshire Structural Steel Co., ante, 97, where the general principle was applied and emphasized in an action by a servant of one subcontractor against another subcontractor under a general contractor which had furnished insurance under § 18. It was said (page 100) that Bresnahanv. Barre“decided that an employee, acting negligently in the course of his employment, is not liable in an action of tort to a coemployee where their common employer is insured under the workmen’s compensation act,” unless a reservation of common law rights was made under § 24. In the present case a verdict for the defendant was rightly directed.

¶6Exceptions overruled.

/296/mass/448 · .json · Public domain