Volume 297 — United States Reports

United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1 (1936), is a U.S. Supreme Court case that held that the U.S. Congress has not only the power to lay taxes to the level necessary to carry out its other powers enumerated in Article I of the U.S. Constitution but also a broad authority to tax and spend for the "general welfare" of the United States. The decision itself concerned whether the processing taxes instituted by the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act were constitutional.

Gooch v. United States, 297 U.S. 124 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that holding a police officer hostage while crossing state lines is within the scope of federal ransom and kidnapping statutes.

Held: without exception, that valuation of property for tax purposes, .however excessive, not shown to be discriminatory, infringes no constitutional immunity. Rowley v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., supra, 111; Southern Ry. Co. v. Watts, 260 U. S. 519 , 526; and see Cumberland Coal Co. v. Board of Review, 284 U. S. 23 , 25ff; Sunday Lake Iron Co. v. Wakefield, 247 U. S. 350 .

Held: imposes the liability upon state- and privately-owned carriers alike, also provides the remedy and designates the manner and the court in which the remedy is to be pursued, we think thé jurisdictional provisions are as applicable to suits brought to enforce the liability of -states as to those against privately-owned carriers, and that the district court had jurisdiction.

Grosjean v. American Press Co., 297 U.S. 233 (1936), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court over a challenge to a separate sales tax on newspapers with circulation of over 20,000.

Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a defendant's involuntary confession that is extracted by the use of force on the part of law enforcement cannot be entered as evidence and violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case that provided the first elaboration of the doctrine of "Constitutional avoidance".

Held: or assumed, to be inherently unconstitutional, because it was measured by a percentage of the authorized capital of the companies and was, therefore, a tax upon all their property without and within the State. 5 See East Ohio Gas Co. v. Tax Commission, 283 U. S. 465 , 470; Cooney v. Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Co., 294 U. S. 384 , 393, where the passage was repeated.

Held: that this purpose was *427 feigned, and that the real purpose was to prevent the shrimp from being moved as theretofore from Louisiana to a point in Mississippi, where they were packed or canned and sold in interstate commerce, and .thus through commercial necessity to bring about the removal of the packing and canning industries from Mississippi to Louisiana.

Washington v. Oregon, 297 U.S. 517 (1936), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that a state has the power to divert all rivers within its borders. The dispute was over the Walla Walla River.

Two Supreme Court cases, Wisconsin v. Michigan, 295 U.S. 455 (1935) and Wisconsin v. Michigan, 297 U.S. 547 (1936), settled a territorial dispute between Wisconsin and Michigan.

Held: unreasonably restrained trade. Defendants urge that, the broker is the refiner’s agent to sell to customers and the warehouseman is the refiner’s *588 agent for storage and delivery; that these agents act as a check on each other; that the refiners’ concerted adoption of the principle against storing in customers’ and brokers’ warehouses was essential both to prevent discrimination among customers and to avoid…

Held: a federal court may not do. Chicot County v. Sherwood, 148 U. S. 529 , 534.” See also Kline v. Burke Construction Co., 260 U. S. 226 , 234. . The trust here involved was created by The Bank’s voluntary action, not by the Orphans’ Court.

Held: Van Dusen v. Department of Labor and Industries, 158 Wash. 414 ; 290 Pac. 803 , that broadcasting is commerce, and that the broadcasting by appellant of its own programs for which it does not receive pay is interstate commerce.