Whitfield v. Ohio’s Empirical Analysis
297 U.S. 431 · 1936
Citation profile
138 federal appellate · 13 district · 24 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 283 later decisions (61 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2013 · most notably Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939), Zant v. Stephens (1983)
138 federal appellate · 13 district · 24 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Abrams v. United States · Home Ins Co v. Dick · Evans v. United States · Brooks v. United States · Claassen v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 283 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“free labor, properly compensated, cannot compete successfully with the enforced and unpaid or underpaid convict labor of the prison.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.