Hales v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently April 2020 · most notably Smith v. State (2003), Williams v. State (2005)
2 federal appellate · 34 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 822 (§ 302 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. Moore · United States v. Resnick · State v. Harris · 434 So. 2d 813 - Ex Parte Evers · Jordon v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]t is well settled that penal statutes are strictly construed with all doubts resolved in favor of the defendant, and nothing is taken as intended which is not clearly expressed.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Hunt v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.