United States v. Wood’s Empirical Analysis
299 U.S. 123 · 1936
Citation profile
350 federal appellate · 29 district · 330 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 911 later decisions (45 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2026 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), Irvin v. Dowd (1961)
350 federal appellate · 29 district · 330 state decisions — followed in 36 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedWood v. United States (from District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Patton v. United States · Dimick v. Schiedt · Continental Illinois Nat Bank Trust Co of Chicago v. Chicago R I & P Ry Co · Gasoline Products Co. v. Champlin Refining Co. · In Re Peterson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 911 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Impartiality is not a technical conception. It is a state of mind. For the ascertainment of this mental attitude of appropriate indifference, the Constitution lays down no particular tests and procedure is not chained to any ancient and artificial formula.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The bias of a prospective juror may be actual or implied; that is, it may be bias in fact or bias conclusively presumed as matter of law.”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We think that the imputation of bias simply by virtue of governmental employment, without regard to any actual partiality growing out of the nature and circumstances of particular cases, rests on an assumption without any rational foundation.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.