¶1 By the Court,
¶2According to well established precedents, it should have been alleged in the declaration, that the articles replevied were the goods and chattels of the plaintiff.” (2 Chit. Pl. 364.) Instead of that, the plaintiff says the goods were taken by the defendant out of his possession, and that he was entitled to the possession of them. It is true, that proof that the defendant took the property out of the plaintiff’s *305possession, would support the allegation that they were the goods and chattels of the plaintiff; (Rogers v. Arnold, 12 Wend. 39;) but the plaintiff is not at liberty to state, in his declaration, the evidence of his title, in place of an averment of title. In this respect the pleading is defective. (Prosser v. Woodward, 21 Wend. 205.) The plaintiff should have claimed the property to belong to him. The defendant could then have traversed such allegation by pleading property in himself, or in a third person. And the materiality of such an averment is apparent from the fact that a plea of property, in replevin, only puts in issue the plaintiff’s allegation of title to the property. (Anstice v. Holmes, 3 Denio, 244. Rogers v. Arnold, 12 Wend. 30.)
¶3But even if the defect above specified is one of form and not of substance, the defendant may nevertheless avail himself of it, in this case, the demurrer being special. Established precedents are not to be disregarded in pleading, even in a matter of mere form. (Anstice v. Holmes, above cited. Titus v. Foillet, 2 Hill, 318.)
¶4There must be judgment for the defendant on the demurrer, with leave to the plaintiff to amend, on payment of costs.