3 Cal. 3d 205 - In Re Cox’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 260 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 304 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably 52 Cal. 3d 1142 - Harris v. Capital Growth Investors XIV (1991), 23 Cal. 3d 899 - Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center (1979)
20 federal appellate · 260 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000A (Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Jackson v. Denno · Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority · National Association for Advancement of Colored People v. Y Button · Dombrowski v. Pfister · Thornhill v. Alabama
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 304 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“individuals who wear long hair or unconventional dress, who are black, who are members of the John Birch Society, or who belong to the American Civil Liberties Union,”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“arbitrary discrimination by business establishments.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“[a]ll persons within the jurisdiction of this state are free and equal, and no matter what their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, sexual orientation, citizenship, primary language, or immigration status are entitled to the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments of every kind whatsoever.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.