Tovar v. United States Postal Service’s Empirical Analysis
3 F.3d 1271 · 1993
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 7 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently April 2024 · most notably McLean v. Crabtree (1999), Oregon Natural Resources Council, Inc. v. Kantor (1996)
24 federal appellate · 7 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 39 U.S.C. § 1001 · 39 U.S.C. § 101 (Air Carriage of International Mail Act) · 39 U.S.C. § 401 · 39 U.S.C. § 403 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 5 U.S.C. § 3101 · 5 U.S.C. § 553 (Administrative Procedure Act of 1946) · 8 U.S.C. § 1255A (§ 245a of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of United States Inc v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company Consumer Alert · Camp v. Pitts
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If Congress has explicitly left a gap for the agency to fill, there is an express delegation of authority to the agency to elucidate a specific provision of the statute by regulation. Such legislative regulations are given controlling weight unless they are arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly contrary to the statute.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In determining whether an agency's construction is permissible, the court considers whether Congress has explicitly instructed the agency to flesh out specific provisions of the general legislation, or has impliedly left to the agency the task of developing standards to carry out the general policy of the statute.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an appellate court may, in the interests of sound judicial administration, vacate a summary judgment without reaching the merits of the issue if the record has not been sufficiently developed to allow for a fully informed decision.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.