¶1In this case the State seems to hold the defendants guilty of keeping a gambling room under section 6932 of our Revised Statutes. And in as much as they can not draw a legal information without setting out the specific acts of gambling complained of, without telling what kind of a gambling house it is; they say that it is a place where people meet to play a certain scheme of chance commonly called policy. And we have had the statement of the Prosecuting Attorney explaining that policy is a species of lotteries, that it is not a game of which skill forms any part. That a child of six years old may play it as well and as successfully as an adult. In other words, as the attorneys for the defense have stated, the State seeks a conviction for a violation of the gambling law, section 6931 of the Revised Statues, by a proceeding under section 6932, and the question to be here decided is, can that be done under he laws of this State?
¶2My first impression was the same as that of the Prosecuting Attorney, that it could be done; that any one who tolerated in a single room anything that could be called gambling, could be convicted under section 6932. To that conclusion I was undoubtedly led by the great dislike T have always had of all kinds of gambling. And it has always been my belief that the State should use its power to the utmost to protect its citizens from the mischiefs and dangers invariably connected with such places. But no matter what my private sentiments and desires may be, I am here to do my sworn duty and to administer the law. And if the law requires that these defendants must be tried and convicted under section 6931, and that alone, I cannot, as a judge, sworn to perform and properly administer the law, allow them to be convicted for acts done punishable by section 6931 alone, under an information admittedly alleging facts under section 6932. • And we come, therefore, to the naked legal question, what is the meaning of the word “gambling,” used in section 6932? Does it include a lottery or policy, or does it include certain games? Tt is claimed by the attorneys for the defense that the word gambling there used does not include lotteries or playing policy.
¶3As to the words gaming, or gambling, they are substantially the same, and are defined by the lexicographers as “a contract between two or more persons by which they agreed to play by certain rules at cards, dice or other contrivances, and that one shall be the loser and the other shall be the' winner. ”
¶4And gambling is defined as “gaming, playing for money.” Gaming is defined, as “the practice of staking property, beyond the purpose of mere sport on the hazards of cards or dice. ” And all these definitions-we may say hinge back on the word game,, which is defined as any sport or amusement, public or private, as the game of checkers, of base ball and others. These definitions are given alike by all the Law Dictionaries-as well as all English ditionaries, Bouvier, Black, Rapelje, Abbot. Worcester, Webster, and the Century. And no definition which) the court has been able'to find includes lotteries or the scheme of chance commonly called policy. And this seems to be the-ruling made by all the courts. The able-attorneys for defendants have furnished this court with abundance of authorities on that proposition. The Supreme Courts of Michigan, Alabama, New York, North Carolina, Missouri, Texas, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota and Maryland have all had this identical question before them, and they have all held the same way, that it can not be done. And the ablest text writer on criminal law, Mr. Bishop, m his work on Criminal Procedure, says the same.
¶5And I would like to add that, although my first impression was the other way, there would seem to be a great deal of natural justice in so holding. The two statutes were passed at different times; section 69S2; which refers to keeping gambling rooms, has been in force in this State substantially as it is now for almost a century, and the same is true as to every one of the older States, and the laws against lotteries in each State were passed later and after the courts had decided that lottery dealers could not be convicted under the gambling acts so called, and in like manner when the courts decided that players at policy could-not be convicted under the lottery or gambling acts, specal acts were passed prohibiting them. The first act prohibiting playing-policy in this State was passed in 1873.
¶6It is, therefore, my opinion, that I am compelled to sustain the objection-made by the defense to the introduction of any evidence under this information, I will therefore direct the jury in this case to return their verdict of not guilty.