Hilliard v. Ferguson’s Empirical Analysis
30 F.3d 649 · 1994
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 74 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably Johnson v. Rodriguez (1997), Benningfield v. City of Houston (1998)
16 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia · United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Local 610 v. Scott · Houltin v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 74 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) a conspiracy involving two or more persons; (2) for the purpose of depriving, directly or indirectly, a person or class of person of the equal protection of the laws; and (3) an act in furtherance of the conspiracy; (4) which causes injury to a person or property, or a deprivation of any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States. In so doing the plaintiff must show that the conspiracy was motivated by a class-based animus.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.