30 U.S.C. § 611
Section 611 · Common varieties of sand, stone, gravel, pumice, pumicite, or cinders, and petrified wood
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 59 court decisions — leading case United States v. Locke (1985)
Most recently applied in Ctr. for Biological Diversity v. Usfws (May 2022)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
No deposit of common varieties of sand, stone, gravel, pumice, pumicite, or cinders and no deposit of petrified wood shall be deemed a valuable mineral deposit within the meaning of the mining laws of the United States so as to give effective validity to any mining claim hereafter located under such mining laws: Provided, however, That nothing herein shall affect the validity of any mining location based upon discovery of some other mineral occurring in or in association with such a deposit. “Common varieties” as used in this subchapter and sections 601 and 603 of this title does not include deposits of such materials which are valuable because the deposit has some property giving it distinct and special value and does not include so-called “block pumice” which occurs in nature in pieces having one dimension of two inches or more. “Petrified wood” as used in this subchapter and sections 601 and 603 of this title means agatized, opalized, petrified, or silicified wood, or any material formed by the replacement of wood by silica or other matter.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
References In Text
The mining laws of the United States, referred to in text, are classified generally to this title.
Amendments
1962—Pub. L. 87–713 defined “petrified wood”, and provided that no deposit of petrified wood shall be deemed a valuable mineral deposit within the mining laws of the United States.
Regulations for Removal of Limited Quantities of Petrified Wood
Section 2 of Pub. L. 87–713 provided that: “The Secretary of the Interior shall provide by regulation that limited quantities of petrified wood may be removed without charge from those public lands which he shall specify.”