Randall’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
17 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 77 later decisions — most recently July 2024 · most notably 820 F. Supp. 2d 92 - Rawlings v. District of Columbia (2011), 382 F. Supp. 2d 63 - Fernandors v. District of Columbia (2005)
17 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Hensley v. Eckerhart · Parratt v. Taylor · Heck v. Humphrey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 77 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) “that the supervisor had actual or constructive knowledge that his subordinate was engaged in conduct that posed ‘a pervasive and unreasonable risk’ of constitutional injury to citizens like the plaintiff’; (2) “that the supervisor’s response to that knowledge was so inadequate as to show ‘deliberate indifference to or tacit authorization of the alleged offensive practices’”; and (3) “that there was an ‘affirmative causal link’ between the supervisor’s inaction and the particular constitutional injury suffered by the plaintiff.””
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An officer who is present and fails to intervene to prevent other law enforcement officers from infringing the constitutional rights of citizens is liable under § 1983 if that officer had reason to know: (1) that excessive force was being used, (2) that a citizen has been unjustifiably arrested, or (3) that any constitutional violation has been committed by a law enforcement official; and the officer had a realistic opportunity to intervene to prevent the harm from occurring.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“a supervisor cannot be expected ... to guard against the deliberate criminal acts of his properly trained employees when he has no basis upon which to anticipate the misconduct!,] [a] supervisor’s continued inaction in the face of documented widespread abuses ... provides an independent basis for finding [that the supervisor] either was deliberately indifferent or • acquiesced in the constitutionally offensive conduct of his subordinates.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.