Lodowski v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
93 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 99 later decisions (6 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2020 · most notably Moran v. Burbine (1986), Booth v. Maryland (1987)
93 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gregg v. Georgia · Furman v. Georgia · Lockett v. Ohio · Williams v. People of State of New York · Eddings v. Oklahoma
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 99 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(3) A victim impact statement shall: (i) Identify the victim of the offense; (ii) Itemize any economic loss suffered by the victim as a result of the offense; (iii) Identify any physical injury sufferd by the victim as a result of the offense along with its seriousness and permanence; (iv) Describe any change in the victim’s personal welfare or familial relationships as a result of the offense; (v) Identify any request for psychological services initiated by the victim or the victim’s family as a result of the offense; and (vi) Contain any other information related to the impact of the offense upon the victim or the victim’s family that the court requires.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Lopez v. State · Booth v. State“(d) In any case in which the death penalty is requested under Article 27, § 412, a presentence investigation, including a victim impact statement, shall be completed by the Division of Parole and Probation, and shall be considered by the court or jury before whom the separate sentencing proceeding is conducted under Article 27, § 413.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Reid v. State · Booth v. Maryland“At a constitutional minimum, evidence introduced at a capital sentencing proceeding must be relevant as to whether the accused’s life be taken or spared. The information must be relevant, of course, to avoid the arbitrary and capricious infliction of the death penalty. In light of this standard, several portions of § 124(c)(3) pass muster. For instance, the identity of the victim (e.g., police officer) is often relevant, see § 124(c)(3)(i), as is other information that goes to the character of the defendant and the circumstances of the offense, see § 124(c)(3)(vi). Other information called for by § 124(c), however, would rarely, if ever, be relevant in a capital sentencing proceeding. In particular, psychological services requested by the victim’s family as a result of the offense are irrelevant. See § 124(c)(3)(v). In addition, it is difficult to see the relévance of whether the victim suffered any economic loss as a result of the offense, unless of course the victim was murdered during the course of a robbery or similarly economically-motivated crime. See § 124(c)(3)(h). Section 124(c)(3)(iii), which deals with the identification of any physical injury suffered by the victim as a result of the crime along with its seriousness and permanence, seems superfluous in a capital case for obvious reasons. Lastly, any changes in the victim’s familial relationships as a result of the offense are irrelevant to the sentencing decision. See § 124(c)(3)(iv). Otherwise, a factor in imposi”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Booth v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.