State v. Bates’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
56 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 58 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably State v. Arredondo (1997), State v. Washington (1993)
56 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 58 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“reasonable steps to protect himself or others if, during the course of a lawful encounter with a citizen, the officer develops a reasonable suspicion, based upon specific and articulable facts, that the citizen might pose an immediate threat of serious physical injury to the officer or to others then present.”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage“; the driver's appearance disturbed him; there were a VCR and a television set on the back seat; and the driver did not comply with his instructions to remove the object from under his seat. The Supreme Court discounted all the reasons for the search except the presence of the bag. The officers in Bates testified only that what they saw under the seat appeared to be a bag. They did not testify that they thought the object might be a weapon or a case designed to hold a weapon, and there was no sign of a weapon in the car. The court stated that,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“(b) May stop and detain a person for a traffic infraction for the purposes of investigation reasonably related to the traffic infraction, identification and issuance of citation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.