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306 S.C. 353

412 S.E.2d 385

State v. Perkins

Supreme Court of South Carolina

Decided December 9, 1991

Supreme Court of South Carolina · decided 1991-12-09

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““[T]he First Amendment protects a significant amount of verbal criticism and challenge directed at police officers.” City of Houston v. Hill, 482 U.S. 451, 461 , 107 S.Ct. 2502, 2505 , 96 L.Ed.2d 398, 412 (1987). The State may not punish a person for voicing an objection to a police officer where no “fighting words” are used. Norwell v. Cincinnati, 414 U.S. 14 , 94 S.Ct. 187 , 38 L.Ed.2d 170 (1973). To punish only spoken words addressed to a police officer, a statute must be limited in scope to fighting words that “by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.” Hill, 482 U.S. at 461-62 , 107 S.Ct. at 2509-10 , 96 L.Ed.2d at 412 (quoting Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 415 U.S. 130 , 94 S.Ct. 970 , 39 L.Ed.2d 214 (1974)). As further noted by the United States Supreme Court, the “fighting words” exception may require narrow application in cases involving words addressed to a police officer “because a properly trained officer may reasonably be expected to exercise a higher degree of restraint than the average citizen.” Hill, 482 U.S. at 462 , 107 S.Ct. at 2510 , 96 L.Ed.2d at 412 . As stated by the high court: The freedom of individuals verbally to oppose or challenge police action without thereby risking arrest is one of the principal characteristics by which we distinguish a free nation from a police state. Id. at 462-63 , 107 S.Ct. at 2510 , 96 L.Ed.2d at 412-13 .”

quoted by 2 later decisions, including State v. Bailey, State v. Pittman

“Any person who shall (a) be found on any highway or at any public place or public gathering in a grossly intoxicated condition or otherwise conducting himself in a disorderly or boisterous manner, (b) use obscene or profane language on any highway or at any public place or gathering or in hearing distance of any schoolhouse or church ... shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor....”

quoted by 1 later decision, including State v. Pittman

Applies SC 16 § 16-17-530

Relies on City of Houston v. Hill · Lewis v. City of New Orleans · Norwell v. City of Cincinnati

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1991-12-09

How this case has been cited

Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently February 2023

17 state decisions

1401991200020102020decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

Gregory, Chief Justice:

¶1 Appellants were convicted in magistrate’s court of public disorderly conduct pursuant to S.C. Code Ann. § 16-17-530(a) (1985). The circuit court affirmed the convictions. We reverse.

¶2 The record indicates the following facts. Appellants went to the Anderson County Sheriffs Office to obtain an incident report regarding an altercation they had with other individuals earlier that day. They needed the incident report in order to obtain a warrant from the magistrate. An employee at the sheriffs office told appellants the report was not yet available. Appellants then “became upset and raised their voices.” They were arrested as they were attempting to leave the sheriffs office.

¶3 Section 16-17-530(a) provides:

Any person who shall (a) be found on any highway or at any public place or public gathering in a grossly intoxicated condition or otherwise conducting himself in a disorderly or boisterous manner ... shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor____(Emphasis added.)

¶4 Appellants challenge the underscored statutory provision as unconstitutionally overbroad under the First Amendment when applied to them.

¶5 “[T]he First Amendment protects a significant amount of verbal criticism and challenge directed at police officers.” City of Houston v. Hill, 482 U.S. 451, 461, 107 S. Ct. 2502, 2505, 96 L. Ed. (2d) 398, 412 (1987). The State may not punish a person for voicing an objection to a police officer where no “fighting words” are used. Norwell v. Cincinnati, 414 U.S. 14, 94 S. Ct. 187, 38 L. Ed. (2d) 170 (1973). To punish only spoken words addressed to a police officer, a statute must be limited in scope to fighting words that “by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.” Hill, 482 U.S. at 461-462, 107 S. Ct. at 2509-10, 96 L. Ed. (2d) at 412 (quoting Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 415 U.S. 130, 94 S. Ct. 970, 39 L. Ed. (2d) (1974). As further noted by the United States Supreme Court, the “fighting words” exception may require narrow application in cases involving words addressed to a police officer “because a prop *355 erly trained officer may reasonably be expected to exercise a higher degree of restraint than the average citizen.” Hill, 482 U.S. at 462, 107 S. Ct. at 2510, 96 L. Ed. (2d) at 412. As stated by the high court:

The freedom of individuals verbally to oppose or challenge police action without thereby risking arrest is one of the principal characteristics by which we distinguish a free nation from a police state.

¶6 Id. at 462-63, 107 S. Ct. at 2510, 96 L. Ed. (2d) at 412-13.

¶7 Under the foregoing precedent, we conclude appellants cannot be punished under § 16-17-530(a) for voicing their objections to sheriffs officers where the record indicates no use of fighting words.

¶8 Reversed.

Harwell, Chandler, Finney and Toal, JJ., concur.
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