308 Ill. App. 3d 553 - Young v. Forgas’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 36 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently December 2025 · most notably 322 Ill. App. 3d 641 - Rivera v. Arana (2001), 315 Ill. App. 3d 807 - Marlow v. Malone (2000)
4 federal appellate · 36 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 161 Ill. 2d 374 - Doe v. Calumet City · 176 Ill. 2d 1 - Advincula v. United Blood Services · 161 Ill. 2d 267 - Ziarko v. Soo Line Railroad · 186 Ill. 2d 381 - Henrich v. Libertyville High School · Schneiderman v. Interstate Transit Lines, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`Willful and wanton conduct' as used in this Act means a course of action which shows an actual or deliberate intention to cause harm or which, if not intentional, shows an utter indifference to or conscious disregard for the safety of others or their property. This definition shall apply in any case where a `willful and wanton' exception is incorporated into any immunity under this Act.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Except for willful or wanton conduct, neither a local public entity, nor a public employee acting within the scope of his employment, is liable for an injury caused by the negligent operation of a motor vehicle or firefighting or rescue equipment, when responding to an emergency call, including transportation of a person to a medical facility.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[p]ublic entities and their firefighting employees are generally immune from negligence liability for decisions made and actions taken while operating a motor vehicle in response to an emergency call.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.