State v. Cross’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 9 later decisions — most recently March 2019
8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 16 Cal. 3d 539 - People v. Steger · State v. Allan Banks Gibb III · State v. Jackson · State v. Anderson · State v. Kountz
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 9 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[c]ommentators on the criminal code suggest “torture” ordinarily means “the intentional infliction of pain [either] mental or physical,” see Dunahoo, The New Iowa Criminal Code: Part II, 29 Drake L.Rev. 191, 554 n. 570 (Iowa 1980), and “the deliberate infliction of severe pain,” see J. Yeager & R. Carlson, 4 Iowa Practice: Criminal Law and Procedure § 236 (1979). The trial court fashioned a more exacting definition of torture that encompassed the elements these definitions emphasize: that the action be deliberate or intentional, and that pain be inflicted. See also Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 2414 (1976) (“the infliction of intense pain ... to punish or coerce someone”).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.