308 Pa. Super. 67 - Commonwealth v. Santner’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
26 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently April 2023 · most notably Commonwealth v. Sherwood (2009), 341 Pa. Super. 350 - In Re Search Warrant B-21778 Gartley (1985)
26 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Payton v. New York · Boyd v. United States · Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Hayden · Marron v. United States · Stanford v. Texas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The particularity requirement prohibits a warrant that is not particular enough and a warrant that is overbroad. These are two separate, though related, issues. A warrant unconstitutional for its lack of particularity authorizes a search in terms so ambiguous as to allow the executing officers to pick and choose among an individual’s possessions to find which items to seize. This will result in the general “rummaging” banned by the fourth amendment. See Marron v. United States, 275 U.S. 192, 195 , 48 S.Ct. 74, 75 , 72 L.Ed. 231 (1927). A warrant unconstitutional for its overbreadth authorizes in clear or specific terms the seizure of an entire set of items, or documents, many of which will prove unrelated to the crime under investigation. The officers executing such a warrant will not rummage, but will “cart away all documents.” Application of Lafayette Academy, 610 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1979). An overbroad warrant is unconstitutional because it authorizes a general search and seizure.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage““It is true, as the government points out, that courts have approved warrants describing the things to be seized in generic terms but, in most instances, the material to be seized was contraband or stolen property (citations omitted). We found the generic description sufficient to satisfy the particularity requirement of the fourth amendment where the affidavits established that goods described in generic terms were likely to have been stolen and constituted a dominant part of the goods on the premises (citations omitted)____ [W]here the property is of a specified character and that character is contra band, a description in terms of its character is sufficient____ Business records, although they may contain evidence of fraud, do not fall into the category of stolen or contraband goods.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.