United States v. Gaind’s Empirical Analysis
31 F.3d 73 · 1994
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 1 district · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably State v. Singh (2002), United States v. Williamson (1995)
17 federal appellate · 1 district · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990) · 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1623 · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on United States v. Olano · United States v. Powell · Dunn v. United States · Needler v. Valley National Bank of Arizona · Boatmen's National Bank of St. Louis v. Carver
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Asking a witness whether a previous witness who gave conflicting testimony is 'mistaken' highlights the objective conflict without requiring the witness to condemn the prior witness a purveyor of deliberate falsehood, i.e., a 'liar.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Joseph v. State · M.H. v. State“[w]e note ... that defendants invoking Richter have not succeeded in obtaining reversal of their convictions when the starkly offensive prosecutorial delinquencies in Richter were not replicated”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he opposing witnesses in this case were former [employees of defendant's business], not government agents.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.