United States v. Barlow’s Empirical Analysis
310 F.3d 1007 · 2002
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 24 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2021
7 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Apprendi v. New Jersey · United States v. Armstrong · Peso Chavez v. The Illinois State Police · United States v. Carrera · 324 N.J. Super. 66 - State v. Soto
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 24 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Barlow complains not of selective prosecution, but of racial profiling, a selective law enforcement tactic. But the same analysis governs both types of claims: a defendant seeking discovery on a selective enforcement claim must meet the same “ordinary equal protection standards” that Armstrong outlines for selective prosecution claims. (Citations omitted). To prevail on his motion, therefore, Barlow needed to demonstrate that the agents’ actions had a discriminatory effect and that the agents had a discriminatory purpose when they approached him in Union Station. (Citations omitted).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“approached by a uniformed Amtrak police officer whereas [Defendant] was approached by two plain-clothes DEA Transportation Task Force agents. [Defendant] leveled his allegations against the DEA, not Amtrak; observations of Amtrak's law enforcement activities are irrelevant to a claim that the DEA engaged in racial profiling.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Section 841(a) requires only that defendant know that he possesses a controlled substance; it does not require that he know the type of controlled substance he possesses.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.