Kukla v. Hulm’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

36 federal appellate · 1 district ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Force is excessive when an officer's actions are not objectively reasonable in light of the facts and circumstances confronting him.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Samuelson v. City of New Ulm · Awnings v. Fullerton

2. “Here, [the plaintiff] alleges that although he did not resist arrest or take an aggressive stance, [the officer] forced him against his truck, twisted his arm, and raised it high behind his back injuring his collar bone, shoulder, neck, and wrist. [The plaintiff] also claims the handcuffs were so tight that they broke his wrist and were not loosened for fifteen minutes despite his repeated complaints. Considering the circumstances, including the offense at issue, the lack of an immediate safety threat, and the lack of active resistance to arrest, we agree that there is a genuine issue of whether the force used was excessive, so the district court properly denied summary judgment to [the officer].”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Littrell v. Franklin