United States v. Santiago’s Empirical Analysis
310 F.3d 336 · 2002
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 1 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 103 later decisions — most recently May 2023 · most notably United States v. Brigham (2004), United States v. Lopez-Moreno (2005)
31 federal appellate · 1 district · 20 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Ornelas v. United States · Crane v. Stern · United States v. Shabazz · United States v. Thomas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 103 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] Fourth Amendment violation occurs when the detention extends beyond the valid reason for the stop. Once a computer check is completed and the officer either issues a citation or determines that no citation should be issued, the detention should end and the driver should be free to leave. In order to continue a detention after such a point, the officer must have a reasonable suspicion supported by articulable facts that a crime has been or is being committed.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Trooper Raley stated that he understood the statute to prohibit affixing any object to a car's windshield, unless otherwise permitted by law. Although it is doubtful whether Santiago could have been convicted for violating 32:361.1(B) because the object did not obstruct Santiago's vision, Santiago arguably was in violation of the statute. Therefore, Raley was justified in continuing to detain Santiago for violating 32:361.1(B).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Sims“Thus, to say that the search was unconstitutional because it was during an unlawful detention makes that determination turn on the fact that the search occurred moments after the computer check was completed, rather than moments before. But it is well established that an investigative detention must be temporary and last no longer than is necessary to effectuate the purpose of the stop.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.