United States v. Gawthrop’s Empirical Analysis
310 F.3d 405 · 2002
Citation profile
18 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently January 2024 · most notably United States v. Moon (2008), United States v. Turner (2010)
18 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2251 (Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 2252 · 18 U.S.C. § 2522 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on United States v. Smith · United States v. Rugh · United States v. Toler · United States v. Parker · United States v. Hibbler
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Pattern of activity involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of a minor” means any combination of two or more separate instances of the sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a minor by the defendant, whether or not the abuse or exploitation (A) occurred during the course of the offense; (B) involved the same or different victims; or (C) resulted in a conviction for such conduct.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the defendant knew or should have known that a victim of the' offense was a vulnerable victim.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“pattern of activity involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of a minor”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.