311 So. 2d 104 - State v. Ecker’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 1 district · 141 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 150 later decisions — most recently July 2024 · most notably 177 Ill. 2d 440 - City of Chicago v. Morales (1997), 471 So. 2d 147 - DA v. State (1985)
3 federal appellate · 1 district · 141 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire · Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville · California v. Byers · Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 150 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is unlawful for any person to loiter or prowl in a place, at a time or in a manner not usual for law-abiding individuals, under circumstances that warrant a justifiable and reasonable alarm or immediate concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity.”
41 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. A.D. v. State · B. A. A. v. State“`the police officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant' a finding that a breach of the peace is imminent or the public safety is threatened.”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage“* * * * * * "* * * to provide law enforcement with a suitable tool to prevent crime and allow a specific means to eliminate a situation which a reasonable man would believe could cause a breach of the peace or a criminal threat to persons or property." (emphasis added) * * * * * *”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.