Whitfield v. Simpson’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 1997 · most notably Goss v. Lopez (1975), Crews v. Cloncs (1970)
13 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2281
Relies on Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan · Kent v. Dulles · Giaccio v. State of Pennsylvania · Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Plaintiff’s expulsion might have been sustainable had the School Board given content to ‘gross disobedience or misconduct’ through reasonably narrow rules or regulations. Chapter 122, Section 10-20.5, Illinois Revised Statutes, vested the Board with the power to ‘adopt and enforce’ such rules. Construed as a standard for the School Board’s exercise of that rule-making authority, ‘gross disobedience or misconduct’ might well be constitutional. See Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 , 420-430, 55 S.Ct. 241 , 79 L.Ed. 446 ; cf. Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 , 127-129, 78 S.Ct. 1113 , 2 L.Ed.2d 1204 .””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(a) To expel pupils guilty of gross disobedience or misconduct, and no action shall lie against them for such expulsion. Expulsion shall take place only after the parents have been requested to appear at a meeting of the board, or with a hearing officer appointed by it, to discuss their child's behavior. Such request shall be made by registered or certified mail and shall state the time, place and purpose of the meeting. The board, or a hearing officer appointed by it, at such meeting shall state the reasons for dismissal and the date on which the expulsion is to become effective. If a hearing officer is appointed by the board he shall report to the board a written summary of the evidence heard at the meeting and the board may take such action thereon as it finds appropriate. (b) To suspend or by regulation to authorize the superintendent of the district or the principal of any school to suspend pupils guilty of gross disobedience or misconduct for a period not to exceed 7 days or until the next regular meeting of the board, whichever first occurs, and no action shall lie against them for such suspension. * * *”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““An act will not be held invalid merely because it might have been more detailed in its provisions, and a statute need not specify every detail of its administration but is sufficient if it contains general principles to be followed and leaves the details of ministerial acts in the hands of those charged with the duty of administering the act. Accordingly, the omission in a statute to specify every detail, step by step, and action by action, will not render the statute vague, indefinite, or uncertain from a constitutional viewpoint. * * * [citing authority].””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Speck
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.