Hargrave v. Kirk’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2015 · most notably San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), 5 Cal. 3d 584 - Serrano v. Priest (1971)
21 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1341
Relies on Monroe v. Pape · Reynolds v. Sims · Shapiro v. Thompson · Sherbert v. Verner · Keyishian v. Board of Regents of Univ. of State of NY
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he fact that a state remedy is available is not a valid basis for federal court abstention.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Turning now to the defenses asserted, it may be that in the abstract `the difference in dollars available does not necessarily produce a difference in the quality of education.' But this abstract statement must give way to proof to the contrary in this case.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“should abstain from considering the case in deference to state court proceeding[s]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.