Kaahumanu’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
7 district · 2 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha · Tenney v. Brandhove · Forrester v. White · Lake Country Estates, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency · Bogan v. Scott-Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether the act involves ad hoc decision making, or the formulation of policy; (2) whether the act applies to a few individuals, or to the public at large; (3) whether the act is formally legislative in character; and (4) whether it bears all the hallmarks of traditional legislation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An ordinance granting a [conditional use permit] is not a “general zoning ordinance.” It affects only the parcel of land that is the subject of the application and has no further force or effect. We agree with the district court that granting or denying a [conditional use permit] constitutes ad hoc administration of the existing zoning ordinance.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[d]espite its formally legislative character, the decision was administrative and the individual members of the Maui City Council are therefore not entitled to legislative immunity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.