White v. Winchester Country Club’s Empirical Analysis
315 U.S. 32 · 1942
Citation profile
59 federal appellate · 21 district · 31 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 197 later decisions (23 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2020 · most notably Shapiro v. United States (1948), Better Business Bureau of Washington, D. C., Inc. v. United States (1945)
59 federal appellate · 21 district · 31 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedWhite v. Winchester Country Club (from First Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Morrissey v. Commissioner · United States v. Missouri Pacific Railroad · Burnet v. Chicago Portrait Co. · Helvering v. Reynolds · Helvering v. Wilshire Oil Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 197 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Consideration of the nature of club activity is a necessary preliminary to the formulation of a test of what constitutes a “due or membership fee.” So far as finances go, the fundamental notion of club activity is that operating expenses are shared without insistence upon equivalence between the proportion of an individual’s contributions and the proportion of the benefits he receives. Thus, on the one hand, payment of the price of an individual dinner at the club dining room or a single round of golf lacks the element of making common cause inherent in the idea of club activity. But, on the other hand, payment for the right to repeated and general use of a common club facility for an appreciable period of time has that element and amounts to a “due or membership fee” if the payment is not fixed by each occasion of actual use.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“substantially contemporaneous expressions of opinion are highly relevant and material evidence of the probable general understanding of the times and of the opinions of men who probably were active in the drafting of the statute.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ . . . [A]ny assessment, irrespective of the purpose for which made, and any charges for social privileges or facilities, . . . for any period of more than six days; ” § 4242(a)”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.