Tancredi v. Metropolitan Life Insurance’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

7 federal appellate · 10 district · 2 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(1) the entity acts pursuant to the “coercive power” of the state or is “controlled” by the state (“the compulsion test”); (2) when the state provides “significant encouragement” to the entity, the entity is a “willful participant in joint activity with the [sjtate,” or the entity’s functions are “entwined” with state policies (“the joint action test” or “close nexus test”); or (3) when the entity “has been delegated a public function by the [sjtate,” (“the public function test”).”

   13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Halleck v. Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp. · Anilao v. Spota

2. “A plaintiff pressing a claim of violation of his constitutional rights”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Halleck v. Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp. · Wright v. Jewish Child Care Ass'n

3. “[e]very person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress....”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 518 F. Supp. 2d 484 - Ludwig v. City of Jamestown, New York