Camacho v. Brandon’s Empirical Analysis
317 F.3d 153 · 2003
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 7 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2025 · most notably Velez v. Levy (2005), Wrobel v. County of Erie (2012)
10 federal appellate · 7 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Elrod v. Burns · Branti v. Finkel · Davis v. Passman · Coleman v. Miller
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]o prevail on a First Amendment claim asserted under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 , a plaintiff must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) the expression at issue was constitutionally protected, (2) the alleged retaliatory action adversely affected his constitutionally protected expression, and (3) a causal relationship existed between the constitutionally protected expression and the retaliatory action.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“As elected officials, council members are exempt from civil service protection. N.Y. Civ. Serv. Law § 35 (a) (McKinney 1999). They control others, such as Camacho. They are perceived as policymakers by members of the public. Their votes influence government programs. They have contact with other elected officials on the City Council. And they are responsive to partisan politics and political leaders.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Velez v. Levy · Velez v. Levy“[Imagine if] a majority of the Council barred [the council member] from Council meetings, or otherwise prevented him from voting, in retaliation for his political associations.... I have no doubt that, were that case before us, we would find that [the council member] retained the right of free association under the First Amendment and that such retaliatory measures violated that right.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Velez v. Levy · Velez v. Levy
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.