Gray v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently November 2016 · most notably 24 Cal. 4th 243 - People v. Ayala (2000), Goode v. Shoukfeh (1997)
8 federal appellate · 23 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · United States v. Bagley · Swain v. State of Alabama · Griffith v. Kentucky · Delaware v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The question presented to us is ... whether the district judge erred by permitting the [prosecutor] to state her reasons to him ex parte and then ruling on the objection without divulging the reasons to defense counsel. In resolving this issue we must consider and reconcile two fundamental principles of our criminal justice system. The first is that the district judge has broad discretion to fashion and guide the procedures to be followed in cases before him. [Citations.] The second principle is that adversary proceedings are the norm in our system of criminal justice, [citation], and ex parte proceedings the disfavored exception.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“that he had not systematically excluded black jurors; that he could recall having struck one black juror who had informed the court that he was personally acquainted with defendant’s attorney; that he could not then recall who the other black jurors were; and, that “it’s very difficult to articulate the reasons one selects and does not select a jury. Some times it is just their demeanor, their appearance, their body language—it may be their age, their occupation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Gorman“[t]he defendant has not referred us to a case, nor have we found one, in which an appellate court has held that the defendant has an absolute right to require that a prosecutor be placed under oath and be subjected to cross-examination in every Batson proceeding”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Majid v. Portuondo
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.