United States Marcus v. Hess’s Empirical Analysis
317 U.S. 537 · 1943
Citation profile
718 federal appellate · 292 district · 382 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,450 later decisions (69 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2026 · most notably Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment (1998), Flast v. Cohen (1968)
718 federal appellate · 292 district · 382 state decisions — followed in 38 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States ex rel. Marcus v. Hess (from Third Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Blockburger v. United States · Palko v. State of Connecticut · Helvering v. Mitchell · Helvering v. Gowran
Cited together with Rex Trailer Company v. United States · United States v. Bornstein · Helvering v. Mitchell · United States v. McNinch · United States v. Neifert-White Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,450 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Government money is as truly expended whether by checks drawn against the Treasury to the ultimate recipient or by grants in aid....”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'to make sure that the government would be made completely whole.'”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“any person who knowingly assisted in causing the government to pay claims which were grounded in fraud, without regard to whether that person had direct contractual relations with the government.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.