Brown’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
13 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 71 later decisions — most recently July 2021 · most notably Braillard v. Maricopa County (2010), 363 F. Supp. 2d 771 - Gremo v. Karlin (2005)
13 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · City of Canton v. Harris · Daniels v. Williams · County of Sacramento v. Lewis · Baker v. McCollan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 71 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the harm ultimately caused was foreseeable and fairly direct, (2) a state actor acted with a degree of culpability that shocks the conscience, (3) a relationship between the state and the plaintiff existed such that the plaintiff was a foreseeable victim of the defendant’s acts, or a member of a discrete class of persons subjected to the potential harm brought about by the state’s actions, as opposed to a member of the public in general, and (4) a state actor affirmatively used his or her authority in a way that created a danger to the citizen or that rendered the citizen more vulnerable to danger than had the state not acted at all.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity or other proper proceeding for redress.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a finding of municipal liability does not depend automatically or necessarily on the liability of any police officer,” but for municipal liability there must be a violation of the plaintiff’s constitutional rights.). In this case, the officers’ qualified immunity does not change that Hanks’ constitutional rights might have been violated — thus allowing for Monell liability. 15 . In considering a motion for summary judgment, the evidence must be considered in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and the moving party must demonstrate that there is more than just some”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.