¶1delivered the opinion of the court.
¶2*332This action was brought by the defendant in error who had formerly been executor of Samuel Patton, deceased, against the plaintiff in error, as administrator de bonis non of the testator, to recover a sum of money allowed by the Probate Court to the executor upon his resignation of his trust, for commissions, and upon his final settlement. It appears that the allowance of the commissions was made on rthe 20th November, 1849, and that they remained unpaid.
¶3The defendant below first demurred to the declaration, and his demurrer being overruled, he pleaded, that in March, 1851, he made a final settlement of his administration, upon due notice to the heirs of the deceased, of whom the plaintiff below was one, and was duly discharged as administrator; he further pleaded the Statute of Limitations of four .years. The plaintiff took issue upon the first plea and demurred to that of the Statute of Limitations, which demurrer was sustained.
¶4Upon the trial, the jury returned a special verdict, finding in substance that the plaintiff below was executor and resigned his trust as above stated, and upon his settlement was allowed the sum sued for for commissions, which has not been paid; that on the same day, the defendant became administrator de bonis non, and on the 17th March, 1851, that he made a final settlement of his trust in due form of law, and the same was duly allowed by the Probate Court, — submitting the question whether the plaintiff or the defendant was entitled to judgment, upon the facts, to the Court.
¶5The court gave judgment for the plaintiff, and the defendant brings the case here by writ of error.
¶6The question presented by the demurrer to the declaration, and the only material question arising upon the facts found by the special verdict, is, whether an allowance of commissions by the Probate Court to an executor or administrator upon his resignation and settlement of his final account, is such a debt as the administrator de bonis non is bound to take notice of without demand or presentation, and to pay without a special order of the Probate Court directing him to pay it.
¶7It is certainly true that commissions allowed by the Probate *333Court to an executor upon bis resignation and final settlement, constitute a charge upon the estate which may be enforced in several modes. The most usual and simple mode of discharging such a claim, is to allow the executor to retain sufficient of the assets for that purpose. It may also be paid by an order of the Probate Court, directing the administrator de bonis non to pay it; in which event, he would be entitled to credit for the amount in the. settlement of his final account. But without such an order, and especially without a demand of payment of the administrator de bonis non, with notice that the claim was unpaid, we do not perceive upon what principle he can be held bound to pay it. It is a charge incident to the administration, for which the administrator de bonis non is not primarily bound and which he is well justified in presuming to have been paid upon the settlement of the executor and before the assets went out of his hands, because it was a charge upon the estate before it came to the hands of the administrator de bonis non. That presumption should be destroyed by a notice and demand of payment from the administrator de bonis non at least, or by an order of the court directing him to pay it. And if without any such order or notice, the administrator de bonis non makes his final settlement and is discharged, no action can be maintained against him to recover the claim.
¶8It does not appear here either that the administrator had notice of the allowance and that it was unpaid, or that there was any order of court directing him to pay it, which latter course was entirely within the power of the plaintiff; and we therefore think that neither the declaration nor the special verdict show any legal ground of action against the defendant below.
¶9The judgment is reversed, and judgment awarded for the plaintiff in error.