majority">Lindsay, J.

At a term of the District Court of McLennan county, begun on the 30th day of Movember, 1868, and ending on the 27th day of February, 1869, the grand jury returned into court a bill of indictment against Jake Wilson, the appellant, for the murder of John Johnson, on the 12th day of Jan-*114nary, 1869. The accused was arrested and put upon his trial at the same term; and, upon the evidence and charge of the court, he was found, by the petit jury, “ guilty of murder in the first degree,” and the judgment of the court was, thereupon, pronounced; from which judgment, the prisoner has appealed to this court.

There were several exceptions taken to the rulings of the court in the progress of the trial; and, after the return of the verdict, a motion in arrest of judgment was made by the counsel for the prisoner, upon the ground that the grand jury was an illegal one—not having been impanneled according to law. The alleged reason of the illegality of the grand jury is, that having been impanneled, sw'orn and charged at the commencement of the term, on the 80th day of November, 1868, and, by an order of the court, finally discharged on the 16th of December, 1868; and that, by another order of the court, on the 2d day of February, 1869, during the continuance of the term of the court, the same persons were reassembled, and resumed the duties of a grand jury for that term. There was no error in this proceeding. It violates no rule of law, nor any positive statute. By the Code, Art. 2815, Paschal’s Dig., if, for amy cause, there should be a faihxre to select and summon a grand jury in the manner pointed out by the statute, the judge is given the authority by law to cause the sheriff to summon as many as twenty persons to constitute a grand jury, in order, no doubt, that there may be no failure in the administration of the criminal law. If, however, the requisite number of persons, known to the judge to be qualified, should happen to be in attendance on court at the time, he may well dispense with the issuing of a writ to have them summoned, and forthwith organize them into a grand jury; and this, too, even of persons who may not have been selected for the grand jury in the usual mode prescribed by the statute. If such a grand jury would be a legal one, much more would a grand jury composed of persons so selected, (as was the case in this instance,) who happen to be in attendance on the court. There *115is nothing substantial in this objection, and the motion was correctly overruled.

Failing in this motion, a motion was made for a new trial. The causes alleged for this application were, first, the admission of the confessions of the defendant before the jury as evidence; second, the verdict was against law and evidence; third, the charge of the court was contrary to law'.

The court has searched the record thoroughly, and with deliberate care, to ascertain whether all, or. either, of these ■causes are well-founded, and to determine whether any such errors have been committed as might have worked injustice to the prisoner, and have prevented a fair and impartial trial of his case.

In regard to exceptions to the introduction of the confessions ■of an accused as evidence against him, it is always difficult for an appellate court, which has not the witness before it, to determine, without a preliminary inquiry of the witness, whether all the conditions required existed at the time of the confession, to give it validity as legal evidence. Much has to be confided to the scrutiny of the presiding judge, who must be the interlocutor to ascertain if the confession w'as voluntarily made, after the accused was properly cautioned that it might be used against him. If it be so voluntarily made after the proper caution has been given—then, whether it be made in jail while in the custody of an officer, or elsewhere—the evidence is made legal by the Code. In this case it is stated in the record that the confession was so voluntarily made, after being duly cautioned by the officer who had him in custody. Apparently, this fulfills the requirement of the statute, and we must presume that, in the interlocution of the court, it was made manifest that the conditions required by law' were fully met before the court suffered the confession to go to the jury as evidence. Besides, when he w'as not in jail, nor in the custody of an officer, nor in “ any other place of confinement,” in the legal sense of these terms, he made a similar confession of the deed ■of killing, and of the motives which prompted it. Independent *116of all this, the circumstantial evidence adduced was fully in accord with his confession, and was sufficient of itself to establish his guilt and justify the verdict of the jury.

As to the charge of the court, it was full, ample and complete, and embodied, in a very intelligible form, readily to be apprehended by the jury, all the law applicable to the facts submitted for the consideration of the jury.

The comt, after a calm and dispassionate survey of all the facts presented in the record, and after a due consideration of the law defining the nature and character of those facts, can not well perceive upon what hypothesis either court or jury could come to any other conclusion than the guilt of the prisoner of mttrder in the jw-st degree.

It was in proof that he had been in the habit of violating the most sacred rights of the deceased. Hot content with this, to remove the obstacle to his guilty pleasures, he had repeatedly threatened to take the life of the deceased. The circumstances show that he had made preparation to carry his fell purpose into execution. An half hour before the killing, at the place where he had been, and was then living, about six or eight hundred yards from the house of the victim, under pretence that he heard a “ big fuss ” at the house of the deceased (though none else who were present heard it), he took down his gun from the rack, started in that direction, and in half an hour from the time of his departure the report of a gun was heard by the company which he had left. Half an hour after the report of the gun he re-appeared and reiterated that there was a “ big fuss ” there, and started back again in company with another, and reloaded one barrel of his gun on the way.. Reaching the place, he declined to go in the house; his companion entered and found the dead body lying upon the floor, slain by a gun-shot wound. Returning immediately to the place of his former residence, he mounted his horse and rode to a place, some miles off. It was in proof, by a witness at the deceased’s house, that there was no noise there, nor • any difficulty or disturbance at the time prisoner was asseverating that *117there was a “ big fuss ” there. Taking all these circumstances, with many other minute details, all pointing in one direction, it would have been most extraordinary, and an opprobrium upon the system of trial by jury, if a verdict of “guilty of murder in the first degree ” had not been returned. Wherefore the judgment is affirmed, and the District Court is ordered to pronounce the sentence of the law.

Affirmed.

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