Vivian Calhoun, Infants, by Fred Calhoun, Their Father and Next Friend v. A. C. Latimer’s Empirical Analysis
321 F.2d 302 · 1963
Citation profile
37 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently January 1980 · most notably United States v. Jefferson County Board of Education (1966), Bradley v. School Board of the City of Richmond (1965)
37 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Brown v. Board of Education · Cooper v. Aaron · Watson v. City of Memphis · Goss v. Board of Education of City of Knoxville Tennessee
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““We do wish, however, to point out some fundamentals to be borne in mind in the future handling of this and like matters where an approved plan is in operation. Whether to effect a plan, to speed it up, or to otherwise modify it is in the first instance for the school board. This is likewise true as to problems arising in connection with the administration of a plan. The courts are ill equipped to run the schools. Litigants must not ignore school officials, and school officials must not abdicate their function to the courts. They, like the courts, are bound by the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court. Cooper v. Aaron, supra [ 358 U.S. 1 , 78 S.Ct. 1401 , 3 L. Ed.2d 5 ]. With these principles in mind this record discloses no prob lem that could not be resolved between appellants and the school officials, based on the judgment of the school officials as educators, with the application of wisdom, forbearance, and mutual trust to the educational purpose of schools.” 321 F.2d at 311 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence““Another pertinent fact is that there is overcrowding in the school system particularly in those schools still having all Negro populations, with additional schools being needed. Some white schools are under populated.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. Barnes““The unique Atlanta plan of desegregation from the top down operates in fits and starts when compared with what has become the almost universal plan of starting in the first grade and working up.” 321 F.2d at 310 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.