Fresenius Medical Care Cardiovascular Resources, Inc. v. Puerto Rico & the Caribbean Cardiovascular Center Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
322 F.3d 56 · 2003
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 49 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 106 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Alkire v. Irving (2003), United States v. Regence Bluecross Blueshield Of Utah (2006)
33 federal appellate · 49 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Edelman v. Jordan · Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 106 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether the agency has the funding power to enable it to satisfy judgments without direct state participation or guarantees; (2) whether the agency’s function is governmental or proprietary; (3) whether the agency is separately ki-corporated; (4) whether the state exerts control over the agency, and if so, to what extent; (5) whether the agency has the power to sue, be sued, and enter contracts in its own name and right; (6) whether the agency’s property is subject to state taxation; and (7) whether the state has immunized itself from responsibility’ for the agency’s acts or omissions.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]f the factors assessed in analyzing the structure point in different directions, then the dispositive question concern the risk that the damages will be paid from the public treasury.... This analysis focuses on whether the state has legally or practically obligated itself to pay the entity's indebtedness.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“caution, [as] it would be . . . an affront to the state's dignity and fiscal interests were a federal court to find erroneously that an entity was an arm of the state, when the state did not structure the entity to share its sovereignty.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.